Parthenolide

Parthenolide and cisplatin (Figure 1) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, USA). A549, PC9, H1299, and BEAS-2B cell lines were generously provided by the State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China. They were cultivated in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, gentamycin, and penicillin/streptomycin, and cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂.

We obtained LPS derived from P. aeruginosa, dexamethasone (Dex), U 0126, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and BITC from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). SP 600126 was obtained from Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. (Farmingdale, NY, USA). BAY 11-7082 and parthenolide were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was obtained from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Antibodies against caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β were obtained from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-NF-κB p65 antibodies were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-NLRP-3 antibodies were obtained from AdipoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibodies against extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), phospho (p)-ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, and p-IκB-α were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-Lamin B antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Goat anti-rabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase was obtained from A-Frontier (Seoul, Korea). The CellTiter-Glo^® Luminescent assay was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).