The surface tension was determined using the pendant drop method. The measurements were carried out by the use of a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100 (Krüss GmbH, Germany, accuracy ±0.01 mN m−1), at 25 °C. The temperature was controlled using a Fisherbrand FBH604 thermostatic bath (Fisher, Germany, accuracy ±0.1 °C). The pendant drop method is a widely used technique to measure the surface tension between gas–liquid and liquid–liquid interfaces. We have obtained the values of the surface tension by fitting the Young–Laplace equation to a shape of the drop captured by a digital camera suspended at the end of a capillary tube. The detection of a drop edge from the digital image yielded in a set of geometrical points describing the shape. The Young–Laplace equation for an axisymmetric interface was solved for given initial parameters; then the best fit was obtained by minimizing a summation of the squared distances between the experimental points and the theoretical drop profile.30 (link)
Drop shape analysis system dsa100
Manufactured by Krüss
Sourced in Germany
The Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100 is a precision instrument used for the measurement and analysis of surface tension, contact angles, and other wetting properties of liquids and solid surfaces. It provides accurate and reliable data to assist in the characterization of materials and the optimization of processes.
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Lab products found in correlation
Fbh604 thermostatic bath, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Waters 1515, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Av 2 400 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Sta 449 c jupiter, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
Nicolet 6700 spectrophotometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Asylum mfp 3d bio afm, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
9 protocols using drop shape analysis system dsa100
1
Surface Tension Measurement by Pendant Drop
2
Comprehensive Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethanes
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Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 400 MHz) spectra were obtained on a Bruker AV II-400 MHz spectrometer in DMSO (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA).
Transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were tested at 25 °C on a Nicolet-6700 spectrophotometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA) between 4000 and 600 cm−1 (resolution of 4 cm−1).
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was performed by Waters-1515 (Waters, Milford, CT, USA) using N,N-dimethylformamide/LiBr as eluent, and polymethyl methacrylate as reference. Test concentration of WPUn samples was 2–3 mg·mL−1, and the flow rate was 1 mL·min−1 at 40 °C.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on a Netzsch STA 449C Jupiter (Netzsch, Selb, Germany). The heating rate was 10 °C·min−1 in the range of −120 to 100 °C under a steady flow of nitrogen.
Zeta potential of WPUn emulsions (diluted with distilled water to about 0.02 wt% before the test) were tested using a Zetasizer Nano ZS dynamic light-scattering (DLS) instrument (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) at room temperature at an angle of 90°.
Water contact angles (WCA) of WPUn surface were measured by a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA 100 (Kruss, Hamburg, Germany). Measuring parameter: 3 μL of distilled water at 25 °C. The results were the mean values of three replicates.
Transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were tested at 25 °C on a Nicolet-6700 spectrophotometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA) between 4000 and 600 cm−1 (resolution of 4 cm−1).
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was performed by Waters-1515 (Waters, Milford, CT, USA) using N,N-dimethylformamide/LiBr as eluent, and polymethyl methacrylate as reference. Test concentration of WPUn samples was 2–3 mg·mL−1, and the flow rate was 1 mL·min−1 at 40 °C.
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on a Netzsch STA 449C Jupiter (Netzsch, Selb, Germany). The heating rate was 10 °C·min−1 in the range of −120 to 100 °C under a steady flow of nitrogen.
Zeta potential of WPUn emulsions (diluted with distilled water to about 0.02 wt% before the test) were tested using a Zetasizer Nano ZS dynamic light-scattering (DLS) instrument (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) at room temperature at an angle of 90°.
Water contact angles (WCA) of WPUn surface were measured by a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA 100 (Kruss, Hamburg, Germany). Measuring parameter: 3 μL of distilled water at 25 °C. The results were the mean values of three replicates.
3
Surface Wettability Characterization
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Static contact angle measurements were performed with a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100 (Krüss GmbH, Germany) with a T1E CCD video camera (25 frames per second) and the DSA1 v 1.90 software. All measurements were performed at least three times on minimum two manufactured films with Milli-Q water and diiodomethane using a droplet size of 3 μL and a dispense rate of 400 μL min−1. Static CAs were calculated with the Young-Laplace equation, and the SFE was determined with the Owen-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) method. Surface tension of 50.80 and 72.80 mN m−1 for diidomethane and water were used, respectively.
4
Measuring PSf-based Support Hydrophobicity
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The hydrophobicity of the UV-cured PSf-based supports was measured using a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA 100 (Krüss, Matthews, NC, USA). The sessile drop method was performed. The contact angle was measured eight times for each support and an average value and standard deviation were taken.
5
Measuring Surface Wettability Properties
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The static CAs and advancing/receding CAs were measured using a contact angle analyser (Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100, Kruss, Germany). The 10 ~30 μl deionized (DI) water droplets were gently placed on the magnetic pillar arrays for static CA measurement. The advancing/receding CAs were measured by smoothly increasing and decreasing the volume rate of the DI water droplet. The droplet images were captured by an optical microscope on the contact angle analyser. The ROA was determined by slowly tilting the substrate until a droplet started to roll off and recording the angle of the substrate at that instant.
6
Water Contact Angle Analysis of PET Films
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Water contact angles of the PET films after incubating with bacterial strain AIIW2 were measured using a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA 100 (KRÜSS GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). The PET films were removed from the culture medium and washed with 2% SDS followed by rinsing with distilled water and oven-dried overnight at 50°C. The PET films were analyzed every 15 days of incubation up to 90 days by dropping water on the surface, and the contact angle was measured at three points in triplication (Ribitsch et al., 2012 (link)).
7
Static and Dynamic Water Contact Angle Measurements
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The static contact angle measurements were performed by a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100 (Krüss GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) with a T1E CCD video camera (25 fps) and the DSA1 v 1.90 software (Krüss GmbH). Measurements were done using Milli-Q water and diiodomethane, using a droplet size of 3 μL and a dispense rate of 400 μL·min−1. All measurements were performed at least five times on two equivalent samples per experiment. Static contact angles (SCA) were calculated with the Young−Laplace equation, and the surface free energy (SFE) was determined with the Owen–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) method [31 (link),32 ,33 (link)]. In order to determine the water contact angle hysteresis, a drop of 6 µL Milli-Q water was placed on the substrates and the size was slowly increased in 0.5 µL steps until the advancing contact angle was maintained constant (maximum 17.5 µL). Subsequently, the volume was decreased again by applying the same step size until the plateau of the receding angle was reached. The dynamic water contact angles were determined as the mean value of the advancing and receding contact angles. Measurements were done in a laboratory which had standardized conditions (22 °C, 50% relative humidity).
8
Characterization of Catecholamine Coatings
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Firstly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-7800F, Electronics, Japan) was used to analyze the surface morphology of the catecholamine coatings. All the samples were dehydrated, dealcoholized, and dried before analysis. SEM was operated at 2.7 kV × 15 mA under a pressure of 5 × 10−4 Pa. Then the surface roughness of the coatings was measured via atomic force microscopy (AFM, Asylum MFP-3D-BioAFM, Asylum Research, USA) in a non-contact mode with Si cantilevers, in a scanning range of 5 μm × 5 μm. The thickness of the coatings was determined by using a spectroscopic ellipsometer (M − 2000V, J.A. Woollam, USA) using the Cauchy model. To analyze the water contact angle of the coatings, a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100 (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) was used, and the DSA 1.8 software was adopted to process the image of a sessile drop of 5 μL distilled water.
9
Surface Free Energy Analysis of Films
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The surface free energy (SFE) of the films was determined by static contact angle measurements with a Drop Shape Analysis System DSA100 (Krüss GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) with an IDS uEye UI306xCP-M video camera (IDS Imaging Development Systems GmbH, Obersulm, Germany) and the Krüss Advance v1.8.0.4 software. Contact angles were measured for MilliQ water (H 2 O) and diiodomethane (CH 2 I 2 ) with a droplet size of 2 μl and a dispense rate of 2.67 μl⋅s -1 . SFEs were calculated using the Owen-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) method (Kaelble, 1970; Owens & Wendt, 1969; Rabel, 1971) . Surface tension components for diiodo-methane were of 0.0 mN⋅m -1 (polar) and 50.8 mN⋅m - (disperse) and for water 51.0 mN⋅m -1 (polar) and 21.8 mN⋅m - (disperse).
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