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14 protocols using bendamustine

1

Quantification of Anticancer Drugs in Plasma

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Dacarbazine (DACA) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. (Portland, OR, USA). Paclitaxel (TAX) and docetaxel (DOCE) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Ifosfamide (IF), cyclophosphamide (CP), bendamustine (BEN), irinotecan (IRI), topotecan (TOP), etoposide (ETOP), vincristine (VCR), vinblastine (VBL), vinorelbine (VIN), methotrexate (MTX), pemetrexed (PTR), gemcitabine (GCA), fludarabine (FLD), doxorubicin(DOXO) and mitomycin (MIT) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Standard purity was ≥98% for all analytes. irinotecan-d10 (IS1), doce-taxel-d9 (IS2), bendamustine-d6 (IS3), topotecan-d6 (IS4) were used as internal standards (IS). All ISs were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol and formic acid were HPLC-MS-grade and were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q Plus system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Control human plasma samples from pooled donors were purchased from Valley Biomedical (Winchester, VA, USA).
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2

Cytotoxic Agents and Cell Lines

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The J45.01 T-cell line and Toledo B-cell line were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). KBM3/Bu2506 is a busulfan-resistant AML cell line established in our laboratory as previously described [10 (link)]. MOLM14 is an AML cell line obtained from Dr. Michael Andreeff's laboratory (UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX). All cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Mediatech, Manassas, VA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS: Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Mediatech) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. 5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (5-CFDA) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Waltham, MA). Verapamil and MK571 were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). Chlorambucil, busulfan, melphalan, bendamustine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, ketoconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, metronidazole, ethacrynic acid, everolimus, sirolimus, phenytoin, levetiracetam, and buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO). 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) and 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide (4-HI) were generous gifts from from Dr. Scott Rowley (Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey), and Dr. Robert F. Struck (Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama) respectively.
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3

Synthesis and Purification of Peptide-Drug Conjugates

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Peptides P-4 and P-6 bound to 2-chlorotrityl resin (Additional file 1: Figure S1) were supplied by PepMic Co., Ltd, China. Drugs (Chlorambucil, Melphalan and Bendamustine) and other chemicals and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Rehovot, Israel). N-Boc Melphalan was prepared by the method described by Xu et al. [20 (link)] and conjugated to the peptide via standard Fmoc-SPPS procedures. The solid phase based synthesis of peptide- Chlorambucil and Bendamustine PDC was performed by following a previously described procedure [21 (link)] The peptide-drug-conjugate were cleaved from resin using 95% TFA 5% DCM mixture, purified on preparative HPLC and dried by lyophilization.
LC/MS analyses were performed on an Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity (LC) 6120 quadruple (MS) with an Agilent SB-C18 column, 2.1 × 50 mm, column temperature 50 °C, eluent water-acetonitrile (ACN) that contained 0.1% of formic acid. HPLC purifications were carried out on an ECOM preparative system, with dual UV detection at 254 and 230 nm. Phenomenex Gemini® 10 µm RP18 110 Å, LC 250 × 21.2 mm column was used. The column was kept at 25 °C. Eluent A (0.1% TFA in water) and B (0.1% TFA in ACN) were used. A typical elution was a gradient from 100% A to 100% B over 35 min at a flow rate of 25 ml/min.
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4

Culturing Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines

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The mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines Mino, Granta, JVM2 and Z138 were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). These cell lines were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). HEK-293T cell line purchased from Open Biosystem (Huntsville, AL, USA) was grown in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Drugs dexamethasone and bendamustine were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, BTK inhibitor ibrutinib was purchased from Selleckchem. Mononuclear cells from MCL patients (n = 5) and normal control (lymph nodes) (n = 5) were provided by Mayo Clinic/Iowa Lymphoma SPORE.
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5

Annexin V apoptosis assay for CLL cells

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CLL cell apoptosis was measured in duplicate as previously described using the ApoScreen Annexin V apoptosis Kit (19 (link)). Briefly, cells were resuspended in 150 μl of Annexin V binding buffer containing 1 μl of Annexin V-PE, 1 μl of 7-AAD and 1 μl of CD19- or CD3-FITC mAbs (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL) followed by flow cytometry on a FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson, Palo Alto, CA). MLN4924 was provided by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Cambridge, MA). CAL-101, ibrutinib and bortezomib were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX); BMS-345541, fludarabine, chlorambucil, bendamustine and U0126 - from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Survival of the murine stromal cells was analyzed in a caspase-3 activity assay (Cell Signaling).
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6

Preparing Cyclophosphamide and Bendamustine Injections

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Cyclophosphamide (CY, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was reconstituted in sterile water (Hyclone, Logan, UT) and diluted in sterile saline (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) for intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Bendamustine was reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich) and diluted in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (Hyclone) containing 0.2% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.25% polysorbate 80 (Sigma-Aldrich) for i.v. injection.
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7

Cytotoxic Agents Procurement Protocol

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Melphalan, bendamustine and PYR41 were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, USA),
spironolactone and triptolide from Selleck Chemicals LLC (Houston, TX) and
4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide from Santa Cruz biotechnology (Dallas, Texas U.S.A.).
Melflufen was obtained from Oncopeptides AB (Stockholm, Sweden).
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8

Inducing Lytic EBV Reactivation

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We induced lytic replication of EBV with chemicals [14 ] and measured reactivation by staining for the immediate-early lytic transactivator BZLF1 using the paraformaldehyde-methanol method [24 (link)] with a BZ1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and goat anti-mouse IgG-FITC (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Cells were treated for three days with 100 μM bendamustine (Sigma-Aldrich or Millipore), 1 μg/mL gemcitabine (Sigma-Aldrich), or 20 nM romidepsin (Selleck Chemicals).
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9

Cytotoxic Compounds Acquisition Protocol

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Melphalan, bendamustine and PYR41 were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA), spironolactone and triptolide from Selleck Chemicals LLC (Houston, TX, USA) and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Melflufen was obtained from Oncopeptides AB (Stockholm, Sweden).
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10

Reconstitution and Dilution of Cyclophosphamide and Bendamustine

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Cyclophosphamide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and bendamustine (SelleckChem, Houston, TX) were reconstituted and diluted as described previously (2 (link)). Cyclophosphamide was reconstituted in ddH2O to a stock concentration of 50 mg/mL then diluted with sterile saline (General Laboratory Products, Yorkville, IL) for i.p. injection. bendamustine was reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich) to a stock concentration of 75 mg/mL, and diluted with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) containing 0.2% carboxymethylcellulose and 0.25% polysorbate 80 (Sigma-Aldrich) for i.v. injection.
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