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6 protocols using β actin mouse monoclonal

1

Molecular Mechanisms Modulating Cancer Cell Responses

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The drugs were dissolved in DMSO at the final concentration of 10 mM. Imatinib was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Michigan, USA) and used in the range of 5–25 µM; Gemcitabine was obtained from Sigma Aldrich Corp. (St Louis, MO, USA) and used in the range of 1–10 µM; Cisplatin, kindly donated by Prof. Justin Stebbing (Imperial College, London), was used in the range 1–25 µM. The following antibodies were used: MSLN mouse monoclonal (Santa Cruz); β-actin mouse monoclonal (Abcam), p53 mouse monoclonal (Santa Cruz); pERK, mouse polyclonal (Abcam); PARP rabbit polyclonal (Cell Signaling); pAKT rabbit polyclonal (Abcam); ERK1-2 rabbit polyclonal (Abcam); Secondary HRP (horseradish peroxidase)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and goat antimouse IgG antibodies were from GE Healthcare. The expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 encoding for MSLN (aa 360-2230) was kindly donated by Dr. Uehara (Kansai Medical University, Japan); the empty vector pcDNA3.1, employed as control, was donated by Dr. Giamas (Imperial College, London).
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2

Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation Analysis

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Glucocorticoid receptor expression and phosphorylation state was investigated by western blot analysis as described [13 (link)] using polyclonal antibodies directed against GRα, phospho-GR(Ser203), phospho-GR(Ser211), phospho-GR(Ser226) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The levels of protein and β-actin (β-actin mouse monoclonal: Abcam, Cambridge, UK) were used to control for loading. GR subcellular localization was determined by GRα-YFP transfection (described above) and immunocytochemistry against GRα as described [9 (link)].
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Hepatocyte Proteins

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Microsomal or cytosolic proteins (30 µg in each lane) of hepatocytes were separated by SDS-PAGE and subsequently transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (0.45 µm) using a Trans-Blot ® Turbo™ Transfer System (Bio-Rad, USA). The membranes were blocked in 5 % non-fat dry milk/TBS-Tween-20 for 2 h. For the immunodetection of CYP1A1, CY-P1A2, GSTA and NQO1, the membranes were probed overnight with primary antibodies [CYP1A1 -rabbit polyclonal, 1:1000 (Novus Biologicals, USA), CYP1A2 -mouse monoclonal, 1:1000 (Novus Biologicals), GSTA -goat polyclonal, 1:3000 (Abcam, UK), NQO1 -rabbit monoclonal, 1:3000 (Novus Biologicals)] diluted in TBS-Tween 20 supplemented with 1 % BSA, washed four times with TBS-Tween 20 buffer and probed with complementary secondary antibodies for 1 h [bovine anti-goat IgG-HRP, 1:3000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA), bovine anti-mouse IgG-HRP, 1:10 000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, bovine anti-rabbit IgG-HRP, 1:10 000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology]. The signal was detected using an enhanced Amersham ECL chemiluminescence kit (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. β-actin (mouse monoclonal, 1:3000, Abcam) served as the loading control. The intensity of bands was evaluated using a C-DiGit™ Blot Scanner (LI-COR Biotechnology, USA). Protein levels were measured in two independent experiments.
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4

Hypoxia-Induced HIF-1α Signaling Pathway

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The rabbit polyclonal CHCHD4 and rabbit polyclonal BNIP3 antibodies were purchased from Cambridge Biosciences. The mouse monoclonal HIF-1α antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences. The mouse monoclonal β-actin and rabbit polyclonal ATP5B antibodies were purchased from Abcam. The mouse monoclonal anti-myc (9B11) and rabbit monoclonal COXIV (3E11) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The mouse monoclonal anti-Pimonidazole antibody was purchased from HypoxyProbe, Inc. The donkey anti-rabbit and anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibodies were purchased from VWR. Sodium azide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used at 5 mM for 16 h in order to optimally block HIF-1α protein levels without significantly affecting cell viability. DAPI solution (10 mg/mL) was purchased from Cambridge Biosciences. Pimonidazole (200 mM) was purchased from HypoxyProbe, Inc.
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5

EPHA2 Protein Expression and Phosphorylation

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EPHA2 Monoclonal Antibody (1C11A12) Catalog # 37-4400 (WB analysis for total-EPHA2) was purchased from Thermo Scientific, and mouse monoclonal β-Actin (Catalog # ab8226) was bought from Abcam. Phospho-EPHA2 (pEPHA2 Ser897) (D9A1) Catalog # 6347 and pEphA2 Tyr772 Catalog # 8244S were purchased from Cell Signaling technology. Secondary antibodies such as IRDye® 800CW Goat anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary antibody (Catalog # 926-32211) and IRDye® 680RD Goat anti-Mouse IgG Secondary antibody (Catalog # 926-68070) were purchased from Licor. Inhibitors for EPHA2, such as dasatinib, were bought from Cell Signaling, and ALW-II-41-27 was bought from Sigma-Aldrich.
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6

Protein Expression Analysis of HPMC Cells

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HPMCs were collected in each group and fully lysed with radioimmunoprecipitation assay for 15 to 20 min. The cells were centrifuged for 15 min at 12,000 rpm at a low temperature and the protein concentration was quantified by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. The samples of 40 ug were subjected to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (Beyotime) and electro-transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film for 120 min at a constant current of 200 mA. Then, the samples were sealed for 1 to 2 h at room temperature in 5% non-fat dry milk/Tris-buffered saline Tween (TBST). The primary antibodies (rabbit monoclonal α-SMA, rabbit monoclonal E-cadherin, rabbit monoclonal Vimentin, rabbit monoclonal PTEN, rabbit monoclonal Wnt3a, rabbit monoclonal β-catenin, rabbit monoclonal CD63, rabbit monoclonal TSG101, and mouse monoclonal β-actin antibodies were obtained from Abcam) were diluted with TBST, and the corresponding bands were incubated overnight from primary antibody dilution buffer at 4°C. The secondary antibodies were incubated for 1 to 2 h at room temperature and bands were developed by the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method. Experiments were repeated at least 3 times.
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