Berberrubine

All the Chinese herbs were provided by Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou, China). All the chemical standards, including l (+)-arginine, proline, adenine, succinic acid, isoleucine, leucine, gallic acid, phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, l-tryptophan, protocatechuic aldehyde, neo-mangiferin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, amygdalin, mangiferin, rutin, liquiritin, luteoloside, naringin, berberrubine, baicalin, quercetin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icarrin, isorhamnetin, glycyrrhizic acid, limonin, aaikosaponin A, and 3-N-butyl-4,4-dihydrophthalide, were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Azoxymethane (AOM) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA United States). TUNEL apoptosis assay kits, radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer, BCA protein assay kits, and anti-MMP9 antibody (AF5234) were purchased from Beyotime (Beijing, China). Mouse IL-6 and IL-17A ELISA kits were from LiankeBio (Hangzhou, China), and antibodies to p-STAT3 (AF3293), STAT3 (AF6294), NF-κB-p65 (BF8005), Bcl-2 (BF9103), Lamin B (AF5161), and β-actin (T0022) were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Changzhou, China). Antibodies to IL-17RA (sc-376374) and Bax (sc-20067) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, United States).

S. acutum was purchased from Anhui FengyuanTongling Chinese Herbal Medicine Co., Ltd. (Anhui, China). Standards of higenamine, sinomenine, magnoflorine, tetrahydroberberine, tetrahydropalmatine, berberrubine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, berberine, and palmatine were purchased from the Shanghai Yuanye Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All aqueous solutions were prepared with bottled pure water (Wahaha, Hangzhou, China). High performance liquid chromatography grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Other chemicals and solvents were all of analytical grade.