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3 protocols using aztreonam

1

Antibiotic Detection in Wastewater: A Comprehensive Approach

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Solid phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were utilized to detect the presence of 16 antibiotics from 7 classes in 11 influent and 11 effluent samples supernatants using a modified protocol 33 (link). Fifty ml of influent or effluent sample were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes; supernatants were concentrated using solid phase extraction cartridges (6cc, 200 mg, Waters, Milford, MA). Samples were analyzed on a 4000 QTRAP LC/MS/MS instrument (AB Sciex). The data was normalized based on the internal standard (isotopically labeled caffeine, 13C3, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories) to account for experimental variation and antibiotic extraction/ionization efficiency. A mixture of the antibiotic standards was also processed along with the samples as positive controls to test for recovery. Standards for amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Standards for azithromycin, aztreonam, cefepime, doxycycline, and tigecycline were purchased from AK Scientific (Union City, CA). All analyses were performed at the Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (St. Louis, MO).
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2

Time-Kill Assay of Pan-Resistant Klebsiella

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For all experiments, fresh Muller–Hinton Broth (MHB) (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) was used. Total bacterial counts were determined by plating samples on Muller-Hinton agar (MHA) (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) followed by incubation at 37 °C for 24 h. This study utilized an unusual pan resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, that was isolated from a hip abscess of a U.S. patient (BioProject PRJNA391323, GenBank Accession number: CP022125.1-CP022128.1)12 . Previous characterization of this isolate has shown that it harbors four known beta lactamase genes, including plasmid-mediated blaNDM-1 and blaCMY-6, as well as chromosomal blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-2. This strain was found to be non-susceptible to a range of drugs tested, including all beta-lactams, colistin, and tigecycline. For time- kill assays, fresh drug stocks of aztreonam and imipenem (AKScientific, Union City, CA, USA) were used at clinically relevant concentrations.
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3

Antibiotic Detection in Wastewater: A Comprehensive Approach

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Solid phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were utilized to detect the presence of 16 antibiotics from 7 classes in 11 influent and 11 effluent samples supernatants using a modified protocol 33 (link). Fifty ml of influent or effluent sample were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes; supernatants were concentrated using solid phase extraction cartridges (6cc, 200 mg, Waters, Milford, MA). Samples were analyzed on a 4000 QTRAP LC/MS/MS instrument (AB Sciex). The data was normalized based on the internal standard (isotopically labeled caffeine, 13C3, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories) to account for experimental variation and antibiotic extraction/ionization efficiency. A mixture of the antibiotic standards was also processed along with the samples as positive controls to test for recovery. Standards for amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Standards for azithromycin, aztreonam, cefepime, doxycycline, and tigecycline were purchased from AK Scientific (Union City, CA). All analyses were performed at the Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center (St. Louis, MO).
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