Mushroom tyrosinase, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), α-tocopherol, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylcroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), gallic acid, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, ferrozine, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, L-tyrosine, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) were obtained from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). All the chemicals and solvents used in the study were of analytical grade or of high-performance liquid chromatography. Antibodies against microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and β-actin were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, U.S.A.) and Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, U.S.A.), respectively.
L 3 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine l dopa
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is a chemical compound that serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It is a naturally occurring amino acid found in various plants and animals.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mushroom tyrosinase, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Kojic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
α melanocyte stimulating hormone α msh, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
3 isobutyl 1 methylxanthine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride pmsf, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
L tyrosine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pyrogallol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Synthetic melanin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Welgene (2 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Welgene (2 mentions)
L 4 hydroxyphenylalanine l tyrosine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone α msh, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Arbutin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glycine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
46 protocols using l 3 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine l dopa
1
Mushroom Tyrosinase Antioxidant Assay
2
Regulation of Melanogenesis by α-MSH Signaling
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The α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), monobromobimane (MbBr), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), pyrogallol, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2), bovine serum albumin (BSA), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) that was used in this study was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The goat anti-tyrosinase antibody, rabbit anti-β-actin antibody, rabbit anti-phospho-JNK antibody, mouse anti-phospho-p38 antibody and rabbit anti-phospho-ERK antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA). The enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit was purchased from Amersham Biosciences (NJ, USA). All of the other chemicals that were used were of at least reagent-grade quality. Deionized distilled water (ddH2O) for solutions and buffers was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
3
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of SEPI
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N-undecylenoyl-phenylalanine (SEPI) was obtained from Seppic, Inc. (Fairfield, NJ, USA). Glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5) (GPS), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), and cetyl palmitate (CP) were kindly gifted from Gattefosse (France). Poloxamer 188 (POL188), beeswax (BW) and Tween 80 were obtained from Uniqema (Belgium). Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT oil) and Span 80 (SP80) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Resazurin (Alamar blue), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), L-tyrosine, Mushroom tyrosinase, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), and RPMI1640 cell culture medium were taken from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin, and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA). All chemicals used were of the highest analytical grade and purity. The cell lines of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and murine melanoma (B16F10) were taken from the Pasteur Institute of Iran.
Male BALB/c mice were also obtained from Animal Resources Center at the Pasteur Institute of Iran (Tehran, Iran) and were treated in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978). The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.SP.1396.184) approved the animal studies.
Male BALB/c mice were also obtained from Animal Resources Center at the Pasteur Institute of Iran (Tehran, Iran) and were treated in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978). The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.SP.1396.184) approved the animal studies.
4
Phenoloxidase Activity Assay in Crabs
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Hemolymph was collected from three PtCLec2-knockdown crabs without using anticoagulant solution. Briefly, hemolymph protein (2 mg) in 435 μL of Tris-HCl (10 mM, pH 8.0) was incubated with 65 μL of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) (3 mg mL−1, Sigma-Aldrich) for 30 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 500 μL of 10% acetic acid was added to each well and the PO activity was measured by absorbance at 490 nm. The siGFP- and PBS-treated crabs were used as negative and blank control, respectively. The PO assay was conducted in triplicate.
5
Murine Melanoma B16-F1 Cell Culture
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Murine melanoma B16-F1 cell line (CRL-6323) was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM; Nacalai Tesque Inc., Kyoto, Japan) supplemented with 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA) and 1% (v/v) penicillin G (100 U/mL) and streptomycin (100 µg/mL) (gibco, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The cells were grown and maintained at 37 °C with 5% CO2 and humidity. Monoclonal antibodies against phospho-p38, total p38, and cleaved caspase 3 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). A monoclonal antibody against β-actin was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 0.05% trypsin, and phenol red-free DMEM were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Scientific). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Methanol and absolute ethanol were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Thermo Scientific). MTT, αTP, synthetic melanin, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), DCFDA, and JC-1 kit were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TRF with a purity of ≥95% was supplied by Davos Life Science Sdn Bhd (DavosLife E3, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia).
6
Melanogenesis Inhibition Compound Screening
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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 100× penicillin/streptomycin solution were obtained from Invitrogen Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were bought from Amresco Inc. (Solon, OH, USA). Ethyl linoleate, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), sodium hydroxide, mushroom tyrosinase, arbutin, kojic acid, and resveratrol were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and β-catenin antibody was purchased from BD (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Akt, p-Akt, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, and β-actin antibodies were purchased from Cell signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Goat anti-mouse and -rabbit IgG secondary antibodies were obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA).
7
Assay Reagents for Enzymatic Analyses
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2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), promazine hydrochloride, syringaldazine, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, vanillin, galangin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, fisetin, gallic, syringic, synapic, cinnamic, vanillic, chlorogenic acids, veratryl alcohol, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), metal salts, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland. Methyl syringate purchased from Lancaster Synthesis, Ward Hill, MA, USA, was additionally recrystallized from ethanol. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol was obtained from Alfa Aesar, Kandel, Germany. Methanol, p-coumaric, o-coumaric, m-coumaric, ferulic, and caffeic acids were obtained from Fluka, Steinheim, Switzerland. N,N′-dimethylamine-4-(4-morpholine)benzene, 3-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)propanoic acid and 2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethanol were prepared as described [44 (link)]. Catechol, hydroquinone, p-phenylenediamine, potassium hexacyanoferrate (II), and dyes were obtained from Reachim, Moscow, Russia. Molecular biology enzymes and kits were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vilnius, Lithuania.
8
Melanin Biosynthesis Pathway Regulation
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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from WelGene Co. (Daegu, Republic of Korea), streptomycin and penicillin were obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD, USA); the TRIZOL® reagent was obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA); and oligodT (Bioneer oligo synthesis) and the primers for MITF, TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and β-actin were attained from Bioneer (Daejeon, Republic of Korea). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT), tyrosinase from mushrooms, and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies for MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and TYR were obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA). All other reagents were of reagent grade.
9
Melanogenesis Pathway Regulation Assays
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L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), ABTS, DPPH, and mushroom TYR were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Forskolin and MG132 (Lot: 119850) were purchased from MCE (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Kojic acid (Cat#K8070) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Primary antibodies for TYR family proteins were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Furthermore, antibodies for MITF, phospho-GSK-3β (p-GSK), GSK-3β, β-catenin, p-JNK, JNK, p-P38, P38, p-CREB, p-ERK, ERK were purchased from Cell Signalling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies for Lamin B were obtained from Absin Bioscience Inc. (Shanghai, China). β-actin and antibodies designed to target primary antibodies were obtained from BOSTER Biological Technology (Wuhan, China). The Nuclear and Cytoplasmic extraction kit used for separating nuclear protein extract from the cytoplasmic fraction was obtained from Beyotime Technology (Shanghai, China).
10
Melanogenesis Regulation via Signaling Pathways
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Synthetic melanin, mushroom tyrosinase, L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), arbutin, and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-tyrosinase, anti-TRP-1, anti-TRP-2, anti-MITF, anti-c-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and anti-phospho-PKA (Thr198) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-c-AMP-related element binding protein (CREB), anti-phospho-CREB (Ser133), anti-p38, anti-phospho-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), anti-extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK), anti-phospho-ERK (Thr202/Tyr204), anti-c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), anti-phopsho-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), and anti-tubulin antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). All of the other chemicals and solvents used were analytical grade.
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