P xylene

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, China

P-xylene is a clear, colorless liquid hydrocarbon. It is used as a raw material in the production of various chemicals and materials.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Spelling variants of this product

Xylene (426 citations) P-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) permount (7 citations) Di-chloro p-xylene (5 citations) P-xylene-d10 (2 citations) P-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) (2 citations)

44 protocols using p xylene

Measuring Bacterial Surface Hydrophobicity

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

To determine the hydrophobicity of the LAB strains, the MATH method by Xu et al. [62 (link)] was used with modifications. Briefly, 2 mL of a bacterial suspension of each LAB strain adjusted to 0.5 McFarland was combined with 0.8 mL p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and vortexed for 2 min. Samples were maintained at room temperature and the phases allowed to separate by decantation and the aqueous phase removed. The decrease in the absorbance of the aqueous phase, at an optical density (OD) of 600 nm, was considered a measure of cell surface hydrophobicity (H%), which was calculated using the formula:

H % = \frac{A_{0} - A}{A_{0}} \times 100 .

where A₀ and A are the absorbances before and after extraction with p-xylene, respectively. The experiments were carried out in triplicate.
According to Sánchez-Ortiz et al. [63 (link)], H% values < 30% were considered as “Low”, values ≥ 30%, <60% were referred to as “Medium”, and values ≥ 60% were referred to as “High”. Strains with low adhesion to p-xylene (<30%) were discarded as potential probiotics.

Yanez-Lemus F., Moraga R., Smith C.T., Aguayo P., Sánchez-Alonzo K., García-Cancino A., Valenzuela A, & Campos V.L. (2022). Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout. Biology, 11(10), 1523.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHCA) (Alfa Aesar) and manganese (II) acetate, oleylamine, oleic acid, iron (II) perchlorate, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid (MES) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich;Merck KGaA. p-Xylene, 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), hexane, ferric chloride hexahydrate, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Optimum cutting temperature compound (O.C.T. Compound) was purchased from Sakura Tech. D-luciferin was purchased from Xenogen. Riluzole was purchased from R&D Systems (Tocris).
Methods

Raghubir M., Rahman C.N., Fang J., Matsui H, & Mahajan S.S. (2019). Osteosarcoma growth suppression by riluzole delivery via iron oxide nanocage in nude mice. Oncology Reports, 43(1), 169-176.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Pesticide Detection via Sensor Array

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

All compounds used in this study were in the analytical grades. The studied pesticides were malathion, parathion, paraoxon, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, carbaryl, pirimicarb, carbofuran chlorpyrifos, and diazinon. These materials and other chemicals, including cysteamine (Cys), tyrosine (Tyr), and tannic acid (TA), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Ethanol, methanol, 1-hexanol, hexanal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, triethylamine, amylamine, benzylamine, pyridine, aniline, ammonia, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, acetic acid, isobutyric acid, phosphoric acid, pentane, hexane, heptane, dimethylphenylphosphine, silver nitrate (AgNO₃), gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), boric acid, tris-hydroxymethyl methane (Tris), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were obtained from Merck Chemical Company. Whatman Grade No. 2 filter paper was used as a sensor array substrate.
The standard solution of pesticide with a concentration of 30.0 µg mL⁻¹ was made in ethanol. This solution was diluted by deionized water to prepare the pesticide solution with lower concentrations. The buffer was provided by dissolving a desirable amount of Tris or boric acid in a certain volume of deionized water. The pH of the buffer was adjusted at a specified value by adding drop by drop of NaOH and HCl solution (1.0 M).

Bordbar M.M., Nguyen T.A., Tran A.Q, & Bagheri H. (2020). Optoelectronic nose based on an origami paper sensor for selective detection of pesticide aerosols. Scientific Reports, 10, 17302.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Triton X-100 (TX100, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, Purity > 95%), p-xylene (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, purity > 99.5%), n-nonane (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99%), ligroin (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99%), d-limonene (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99.5%), turpentine (Fidea s.p.a., Matelica (MC), Italy, purity N.A.), chloroform (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99%) were used as received, without further purification. Beeswax, paraffin and ceresin were purchased from CTS, Italy, and used as received. Sand (50–70 mesh particle size) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, aged slaked lime was purchased from La Banca della Calce s.r.l., Bologna, Italy. Japanese paper (9.6 g/m²), artificial ultramarine blue pigment and cellulose powder (Arbocel^® BC200, J. Rettenmaier & Sohne, Gmbh, Rosenberg, Germany) were purchased from Zecchi, Florence, Italy. Water was purified with a Millipore Milli-Q gradient system (resistivity > 18 MΩ cm).

Baglioni M., Poggi G., Ciolli G., Fratini E., Giorgi R, & Baglioni P. (2018). A Triton X-100-Based Microemulsion for the Removal of Hydrophobic Materials from Works of Art: SAXS Characterization and Application. Materials, 11(7), 1144.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Synthesis and Characterization of Catalysts

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

All
chemicals were used
directly as provided commercially without additional purification.
Milli Q water was obtained using an IQ 7000 purifying system. P25
TiO₂, HAuCl₄·3H₂O, PdCl₂, acetone (99.9%, CH₃COCH₃), sodium
hydroxide (reagent grade, 97%, powder, NaOH), 1-phenylethanol (97%),
hexanoic acid (99%), pentane (99%), lauric acid (97%), palmitic acid
(99%), stearic acid (98%), oleic acid (97%), undecane (99%), pentadecane
(99%), heptadecane (99%), p-xylene (99.5%, as internal
GC standard), different solvents including dodecane (99%), PhMe (99%),
THF (99%), DMF (99%) and dichloroethane (99%) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. Jatropha oil was purchased from the Shenyu company
in Yunnan Province, China. Wasted cooking oil and wasted hot-pot oil
were collected from Sichuan Province, China.

Yang H., Tian L., Grirrane A., García-Baldoví A., Hu J., Sastre G., Hu C, & García H. (2023). Enhanced Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylation over Bimetallic Au–Pd Core–Shell Nanoparticles Deposited on TiO2. ACS Catalysis, 13(22), 15143-15154.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles via Copolymer Micelles

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

0.5 wt % solutions (c = 5 mg/mL) of the diblock copolymer polystyrene(x)-blockpoly(2-vinylpyridine)(y) [PS(x)-b-P2VP(y), where x, y represent the M n of the individual chains with x = 16000, 34000, 52100, y = 3500, 18000, 31000, respectively] (Polymer Source, Inc.) dissolved in p-xylene (Sigma-Aldrich) were stirred overnight. For preparation of the loaded micelles, zinc acetate (Sigma-Aldrich), predissolved in propan-1-ol (Sigma-Aldrich) at 0.073 mg/Î¼L, was added to the micelle solutions at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5:1 Zn 2+ :P2VP ratio. The solutions were left to stir overnight. For the sulfidation of the zinc particles, the zinc acetate loaded micelle solutions were treated with H 2 S generated in situ, by implementing a three-flask system: 60 mg sodium sulfide (Sigma-Aldrich) in the first flask, the Zn 2+ micelle solution in the second, and bulk zinc nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich) in deionized water in the third. Flasks were connected and deoxygenated with nitrogen carrier gas for 10 min before 10 mL 2 M nitric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) was injected into the first flask and the reaction left to stir for 40 min. To obtain a monolayer of micelles on a surface, a previously cleaned silicon substrate was dipped into the solution and withdrawn at a constant speed. The silicon wafer was dried in air at room temperature.

Podhorska L., Delcassian D., Goode A.E., Agyei M., McComb D.W., Ryan M.P, & Dunlop I.E. (2016). Mechanisms of Polymer-Templated Nanoparticle Synthesis: Contrasting ZnS and Au. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 32(36).

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

EXAMPLE 1

Chemicals

Commercial multiwall carbon nanotubes were purchased from “Timesnano” with purity of >95% (by weight). Other chemicals which include iron nitrate, aluminum nitrate, zinc nitrate, ethanol, toluene, p-xylene (99.7% purity), nitric acid (>69% purity) and sodium hydroxide of analytical grade, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received without any further treatment.

US10155216B1. Method for removing cyclic hyrdrocarbons from an aqueous solution using an active adsorptive nanocomposite (2018-12-18). KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS [SA]. Inventors: Aamir Abbas [SA], Basim Ahmed Abussaud [SA].

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Volatile Compound Exposure in Bacterial Cultures

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Spiral plates of Rm, Sa, and Se grown for 48 hours under optimal growth conditions and diluted to OD 0.4 were exposed to 10uL of benzene (Sigma), toluene (Sigma), p-xylene (Sigma), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (Sigma), and 2,6-dimethylaniline (xylidine; Sigma). Untreated and ethanol-treated plates were used as controls. 24 hours after exposure, cultures were collected in 0.5 mL of 100% methanol and sonicated for 8 pulses with an amplitude of 100um (Q55 Sonicator) in preparation for mass spectrometry.

Ratley G., Zeldin J., Sun A.A., Yadav M., Chaudhary P.P, & Myles I.A. (2024). Spatial modeling connecting childhood atopic dermatitis prevalence with household exposure to pollutants. Communications Medicine, 4, 74.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Example 1

Chemicals

US10076741B2. Method for the adsorptive removal of para-xylene and toluene from waste water using modified carbon nanotubes (2018-09-18). KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS [SA]. Inventors: Aamir Abbas [SA], Basim Ahmed Abussaud [SA].

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Aromatic Compound Acquisition Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Benzene, toluene, phenol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (3-HPA), 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4-HPA), HgCl₂, and CdCl₂ of analytical grade were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Benzoate (BA), 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA), 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CBA), 3,5-dichlorobenzoate (3,5-CBA), 2-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate), 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA), 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), 4-isopropylbenzoate (p-cumate), vanillin, cinnamate, L-phenylalanine, phenylacetate, anthranilate, 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), benzamide, nitrobenzene, catechol, gallate, hydroxyquinol (HQ), p-cymene (>98% purity), ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and sodium succinate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Alviz-Gazitua P., Durán R.E., Millacura F.A., Cárdenas F., Rojas L.A, & Seeger M. (2022). Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 Possesses Aromatic Catabolic Versatility and Degrades Benzene in the Presence of Mercury and Cadmium. Microorganisms, 10(2), 484.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!