Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols

4 aminopyridine

Manufactured by Merck Group
Visit Supplier
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Spain

4-aminopyridine is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. The primary function of 4-aminopyridine is as a research tool for studying ion channels and neurological processes in biological systems.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Glibenclamide, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Tetraethylammonium, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Barium chloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Acetylcholine, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Cgp55845, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions) Bicuculline, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Verapamil, by Merck Group (3 mentions) L name, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Indomethacin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Sulpiride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nifedipine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Carbamazepine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Iberiotoxin, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Phenylephrine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sulpiride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Scopolamine hydrobromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sch 23390 hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)

60 protocols using 4 aminopyridine

1

Synthesis of Chitosan Derivatives

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Chitosan with a molecular weight of 5–8 kDa and degree of deacetylation of 73.5% was supplied by Golden-Shell Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Zhejiang, China). Iodomethane, 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine, and 4-aminopyridine were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Corp. Methyl chloroformate, methanol, triethylamine, N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and lithium chloride were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Zhang J., Tan W., Wei L., Dong F., Li Q, & Guo Z. (2019). Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Novel Pyridylurea-Functionalized Chitosan Derivatives. Polymers, 11(6), 951.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
2

Synthesis and Characterization of Ruthenium-Based Compounds

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,2-dicyanobenzene,1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), 4-aminopyridine, and MTT–M5655 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Calf thymus DNA was acquired from Sigma and purified by dialysis against 5 mM Tris and 50 mM NaCl (pH = 7.5) buffer three times over a 48-h period. The non-essential amino acids MEM, trypan blue solution, and culture medium RPMI 1640 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, chloroform, and 1-pentanol were obtained from Synth. Ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate (RuCl3.nH2O) was acquired from Acros. Silica gel 200–400 mesh (Sigma-Aldrich) was employed for chromatographic purification. All the other reagents were purchased from Sigma and used as received.
Martins T.J., Negri L.B., Pernomian L., Faial K.D., Xue C., Akhimie R.N., Hamblin M.R., Turro C, & da Silva R.S. (2021). The Influence of Some Axial Ligands on Ruthenium–Phthalocyanine Complexes: Chemical, Photochemical, and Photobiological Properties. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 7, 595830.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
3

Fenchone Pharmacological Characterization

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Fenchone [(+)-fenchone] was obtained from Alfa Aesar with 98% purity and CAS: 4695-62-9. Carbamylcholine, verapamil, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium (TEA), and 4-aminopyridine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals used were of analytical grade, and fresh dilutions were prepared on the day of the experiment.
Rehman N.U., Ansari M.N., Samad A, & Ahmad W. (2022). In Silico and Ex Vivo Studies on the Spasmolytic Activities of Fenchone Using Isolated Guinea Pig Trachea. Molecules, 27(4), 1360.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
4

Pharmacological Reagents for Neuroscience

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
LY379196 was a generous gift from Eli Lilly (Indianapolis, Indiana). Enzastaurin was purchased from LC Labs (Woburn, MA). [3H]-sulpiride was from PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA). Complete Mini protease inhibitor was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN). All other chemicals, including 4-aminopyridine, quinpirole, sulpiride, and butaclamol, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Luderman K.D., Chen R., Ferris M.J., Jones S.R, & Gnegy M.E. (2015). Protein Kinase C Beta Regulates the D2-Like Dopamine Autoreceptor. Neuropharmacology, 89, 335-341.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
5

Allicin Modulates Vascular Reactivity

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Allicin was provided by Xinjiang Ailexin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No. 20190428, Xinjiang, China). DL-propargylglycine (PAG, inhibitor of the hydrogen sulfide synthetase, cystathionine-gamma-lyase [CSE]) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology (S18M7L11462, Shanghai, China). Diltiazem (a Ca2+-channel blocker) was purchased from Tianjin Tanabe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Batch No. 1905029, Tianjin, China). Potassium chloride (KCl), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tetraethylamine (TEA, inhibitor of Ca2+-sensitive potassium channels), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, inhibitor of voltage-dependent potassium channels), barium chloride (BaCl2, inhibitor of inwardly rectifying potassium channels) and glibenclamide (Glib, inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). All other reagents were of analytical purity.
Cui T., Liu W., Yu C., Ren J., Li Y., Shi X., Li Q, & Zhang J. (2022). Protective Effects of Allicin on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats via Hydrogen Sulfide-mediated Regulation of Coronary Arterial Vasomotor Function and Myocardial Calcium Transport. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 752244.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
6

Epileptiform Ictal Modeling and Imaging

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Epileptiform ictal events were induced by the cortical injection of 1 μl of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; Sigma-Aldrich) solution at a concentration of 15 mmol/l using a 150-μm-diameter Hamilton needle, 1 mm deep into the cortex of the anesthetized animal with continuous injections of medetomidine (Domitor®, 0.1 mg.kg−1.hr−1) and ketamine (Imalgene®, 12.5mg.kg−1.hr−1).
It should be noted that our 4AP injection model was not designed to provide new insights into seizure dynamics as such events are distinct from the spreading depressions we tracked in our experiments.
In this set of experiments, a MP 8-angles transmit sequence (390-Hz PRF, for 350 ms, 136 compounded volumes) repeated every 3 s during 360 seconds was used to follow the crisis propagation.
As we were able to detect the propagation of spreading depression waves in 2 rats, we didn’t use more animals for this proof of concept in order to minimize the number of used animals.
Rabut C., Correia M., Finel V., Pezet S., Pernot M., Deffieux T, & Tanter M. (2019). 4D functional ultrasound imaging of whole-brain activity in rodents. Nature methods, 16(10), 994-997.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
7

Voltage-Clamp Technique for Cardiac Cells

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
An Axoclamp 2B voltage-clamp amplifier (Molecular Devices, CA, USA) was used to current or voltage clamp the cells using the perforated patch technique.27 Micropipettes (typically 3 MΩ) were filled with a pipette solution containing (in mM): KCl 20, K3CH3O3S 125, NaCl 10, HEPES 10, MgCl2 5, K2EGTA 0.1, pH 7.2. Amphotericin B (240 µg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich) was added to provide perforation. Under current clamp, action potentials were triggered using, typically, a 2 ms duration, 1.5 nA current pulse. Under voltage clamp, the Ca current (ICa-L) was activated by applying a 100 ms duration step from a −40 mV holding potential to +10 mV. Under voltage clamp, outward currents were inhibited by addition of 4-aminopyridine (5 mM), BaCl2 (0.1 mM), and 4,4′-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) (0.1 mM) (Sigma-Aldrich).
Greensmith D.J., Galli G.L., Trafford A.W, & Eisner D.A. (2014). Direct measurements of SR free Ca reveal the mechanism underlying the transient effects of RyR potentiation under physiological conditions. Cardiovascular Research, 103(4), 554-563.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
8

Enkephalin and Opioid Receptor Pharmacology

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Drugs were applied by bath perfusion. The solution containing [Met5]enkephalin (ME) included the peptidase inhibitors, bestatin hydrochloride (10 μM) and thiorphan (1 μM). ME, [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), (+)-(5α,7α,8β)-N-Methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]-benzeneacetamide (U69593), naloxone, picrotoxin, SR 95531, dopamine, sulpiride, 4-aminopyridine, DNQX, and tetrodotoxin (TTX) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). MK-801 was purchased from Ascent Scientific (Weston-Super-Mare, UK). CGP55845, N-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and quinpirole were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO).
Matsui A., Jarvie B.C., Robinson B.G., Hentges S.T, & Williams J.T. (2014). Separate GABA afferents to dopamine neurons mediate acute action of opioids, development of tolerance and expression of withdrawal. Neuron, 82(6), 1346-1356.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
9

Pharmacological Modulation of Ion Channels

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Tetraethylammonium (TEA, Sigma), NMDG (Sigma), 4-aminopyridine (≥99%; Sigma and Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom), 2-aminopyridine (2-AP; Sigma), 3-aminopyridine (3-AP; Sigma), 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP; Sigma), 1,3-Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-urea (NS 1643, Tocris), 10,10-bis(4-Pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone dihydrochloride (XE991, Tocris), and N-[4-[[1- [2-(6-Methyl-2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]carbonyl]phenyl] methanesulfonamide dihydrochloride (E-4031, Tocris) were diluted in extracellular solution to concentrations indicated in “Results.” All substances were applied locally via a glass capillary through a custom-made application system.
Dierich M., Evers S., Wilke B.U, & Leitner M.G. (2018). Inverse Modulation of Neuronal Kv12.1 and Kv11.1 Channels by 4-Aminopyridine and NS1643. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 11, 11.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
10

Cardiac Ion Channel Pharmacology Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Bay K 8644, veratridine, terfenadine, cisapride, anti-cTnT (1:400) antibody, E-4031 and verapamil were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Quinidine was from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Nifedipine, 4-aminopyridine, fetal bovine serum (FBS), cytosine β-D-arabinofuranoside (ARA-C), poly-D-lysine and epinephrine, FLA-365, ryanodine, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin and all inorganic salts were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bovine serum albumin, DMEM/F12, Triton™ X-100, Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit were from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). The Ca2+ dye Fluo-8/AM was from TEFLab (Austin, TX, USA).
Li X., Shen L., Zhao F., Zou X., He Y., Zhang F., Zhang C., Yu B, & Cao Z. (2017). Modification of distinct ion channels differentially modulates Ca2+ dynamics in primary cultured rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Scientific Reports, 7, 40952.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required

Sign up now

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!