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Sulfuric acid h2so4

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Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a heavy, colorless, and corrosive liquid chemical compound. It is a strong mineral acid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Lc ms gradeacetonitrile acn, by AppliChem (2 mentions) Potassium permanganate kmno4, by Scharlab (2 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Scharlab (1 mentions) 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane aptes, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 2 7 dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dcfh2 da, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Monosodium phosphate nah2po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions) N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Luminol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sodium hydrosulfide nash, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Graphite powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Silver nitrate agno3, by Mallinckrodt (1 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Merck Group (1 mentions) H2so4, by Scharlab (1 mentions) Trifluoroacetic acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide h2o2 30 w w, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Titanium 4 oxysulfate solution 1.9 2 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Iron 2 sulfate heptahydrate feso4 7h2o, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions) Caffeic acid 3 4 dihydroxycinnamic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Chem-Lab (1 mentions)

8 protocols using sulfuric acid h2so4

1

Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

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ASA LI 941 NC was purchased from LG Chem Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Chopped basalt fibers (BF) of 0.16 mm length and 13 ± 1 µm diameter were purchased from Deutsche Basalt Faser GmbH (Sangerhausen, Germany). The BF composition, according to the supplier, is presented in Table 1. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was purchased from Alfa-Aesar (Kandel, Germany).
Moreno-Sanchez D., Sanz de León A., Moreno Nieto D., Delgado F.J, & Molina S.I. (2022). Basalt Fiber Composites with Reduced Thermal Expansion for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers, 14(15), 3216.
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2

Electrochemical Redox Measurements

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Unless specified otherwise, all chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, MOS Puranal, 30%, Sigma Aldrich), luminol (97%, Sigma Aldrich), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH2-DA, ≥97%, Sigma Aldrich), 3ʹ-(p-hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein (HPF, 5 mM solution in N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF, ThermoFisher), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99%, Ajax Finichem), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 95%, Ajax Finichem), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Sigma Aldrich), nitric acid (HNO3, 70%, Ajax Finichem), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 97%, Scharlab), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), oxygen (O2, 99.95%, Coregas), nitrogen (N2, 99.9%, Coregas), and argon (Ar, 99.997%, Coregas) were used as received. Milli-Q™ water (>18 MΩ cm) was used for surface cleaning procedures and for preparing all solutions. ITO-coated glass slides were purchased from Delta Technologies (8–12 Ω/sq in sheet resistance).
Vogel Y.B., Evans C.W., Belotti M., Xu L., Russell I.C., Yu L.J., Fung A.K., Hill N.S., Darwish N., Gonçales V.R., Coote M.L., Swaminathan Iyer K, & Ciampi S. (2020). The corona of a surface bubble promotes electrochemical reactions. Nature Communications, 11, 6323.
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3

Graphite-based Nanocomposite Synthesis

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Graphite powder, sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH), and an ammonium hydroxide solution (NH3, 25%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) were purchased from Nihon Shiyaku Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan. The sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (95–98%) solution was purchased from Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain. The silver nitrate (AgNO3) was purchased from Mallinckrodt Baker Inc., Paris, France and the hydrochloric acid (HCl) was purchased from Showa chemical co., Ltd., Honshu, Japan.
Vi T.T., Rajesh Kumar S., Rout B., Liu C.H., Wong C.B., Chang C.W., Chen C.H., Chen D.W, & Lue S.J. (2018). The Preparation of Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanocomposites: The Effect of Silver Loads on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Antibacterial Activities. Nanomaterials, 8(3), 163.
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4

Azithromycin Characterization and Preparation

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AZM (purity 99.5%) was
collected from Radiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd. as a generous gift, and
the chemical and physical characteristics of AZM are summarized in Table 1. LC–MS grade
acetonitrile (ACN) and formic acid (FA) were purchased from AppliChem
GmbH, Ottoweg, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) (≥99.0%, CAS: 7722-64-7) and sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) (95–97%, reagent grade, CAS:
7664-93-9) were purchased from Scharlau, Spain. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) (85 wt % in H2O, CAS: 7664-38-2)
was purchased from JANSSEN CHEMICA, Belgium. Ethanol (C2H5OH) (98%, CAS: 64-17-5) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)
(37%, extra pure, CAS: 7647-01-0) were purchased from AppliChem, Germany.
30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (30%, CAS: 7722-84-1)
was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultrapure deionized (DI) water (18
MΩ cm) was used in the preparation of all the aqueous solutions.
Upoma B.P., Yasmin S., Ali Shaikh M.A., Jahan T., Haque M.A., Moniruzzaman M, & Kabir M.H. (2022). A Fast Adsorption of Azithromycin on Waste-Product-Derived Graphene Oxide Induced by H-Bonding and Electrostatic Interactions. ACS Omega, 7(34), 29655-29665.
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5

Delignification and Hydrolysis of CPH Powder

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The CPH powder, devoid of extractables, is delignified in the optimal conditions obtained in our previous study [14 (link)] (KOH 1% (Merck KGaA, Germany) for 4 h at room temperature and 15 min in the autoclave (Digital vertical, LX-C autoclave, HEFEI Huatai) at 128 °C under a biomass/solvent ratio of 9.143%). The delignified substrate is hydrolyzed in 250 mL SCOTT flacons, using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (95–98%, Scharlab S.L, Spain), in 26.95 min in the autoclave, a biomass to hydrolyzate ratio of 9.53% (w/v), in 4.92% (w/v) H2SO4.
Yaya O.L., Kouadio Appiah K.E., Doudjo S., Mahamane Nassirou A.K., Didier F.G., Benjamin Y.K., Drogui A.P, & Tyagi D.R. (2023). Multi-response and multi-criteria optimization of acid hydrolyzate detoxification of cocoa pod husks: Effect on the content of phenolic compounds and fermentable sugars. Heliyon, 9(4), e15409.
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6

Caffeic Acid Quantification and Stability

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Caffeic acid (3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, and used as received without further purification. The molecular structure of caffeic acid in non-hydrolyzed form is illustrated in Table 1. Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4•7H2O) was acquired from Panreac, Barcelona, Spain, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 30% w/w) and titanium (IV) oxysulfate solution 1.9–2.1%, for determination of hydrogen peroxide, were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Sodium sulfite anhydrous (Na2SO3) was acquired from Merk, Darmstadt, Germany. Trifluoroacetic acid (HPLC grade, ≥99.0%) was acquired from Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade, ≥99.9%) was acquired from Chem-Lab, Zedelgem, Belgium. For pH adjustment, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from Labkem, Barcelona, Spain, it was used, along with sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95%) from Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain. Deionized water was used to prepare the respective solutions.
Jorge N., Teixeira A.R., Fernandes J.R., Oliveira I., Lucas M.S, & Peres J.A. (2023). Degradation of Agro-Industrial Wastewater Model Compound by UV-A-Fenton Process: Batch vs. Continuous Mode. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1276.
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7

Tetracycline Antibiotics Characterization

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Tetracycline (CAS: 64-75-5), chlorTetracycline (CAS: 64-72-2), oxyTetracycline (CAS: 2058-46-0), and doxycycline (CAS: 24390-14-5) with a purity of ≥ 95.0% were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland. LC-MS-grade acetonitrile (ACN) and formic acid (FA) were procured from AppliChem GmbH, Germany. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4; CAS: 7722-64-7) with a purity of ≥ 99.0% and sulfuric acid (H2SO4; CAS: 7664-93-9), with a grade of 95–97% were obtained from Scharlau, Spain. The chemicals 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4; CAS: 7664-38-2), ethanol (CAS: 64-17-5) with a purity of ≥ 99.5%, 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl; CAS: 7647-01-0) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; CAS: 7722-84-1) were purchased from JANSSEN-CHEMICA, Sigma-Aldrich, AppliChem, and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. All the solutions were prepared using Milli-Q deionized (DI) water.
Hossain M.S., Kabir M.H., Ali Shaikh M.A., Haque M.A, & Yasmin S. (2024). Ultrafast and simultaneous removal of four tetracyclines from aqueous solutions using waste material-derived graphene oxide-supported cobalt–iron magnetic nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 14(2), 1431-1444.
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8

Detailed Chemical Analysis Protocol

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All of the chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade. Ethanol, acetone, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) were purchased from Gram-mol doo (Zagreb, Croatia); sodium tetraborate, L-cystein, sulfamic acid, gelatin, potassium hydroxide, chloroform, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium); acetonitrile, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), silicone oil, and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent from Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK); barium chlorid (BaCl2) from abcr GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany), fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus, D-galacturonic acid, phenol, m-hydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), arabinose, D-(+)-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-(−)-fructose, trimethylamine, 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), D-(+)-mannose, L-(−)-fucose, and ammonium acetate from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA); ethyl acetate, hexane, and absolute ethanol from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, Italy); hydrochloric acid (HCl) from TKI Hrastnik (Hrastnik, Slovenia); sodium hydroxide from Lach-Ner (Zagreb, Croatia); sulfuric acid (H2SO4) from Scharlab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain); D-(−)-ribose from TCI (Portland, OR, USA); and fluorescein sodium salt from Honeywell Riedel-de-Haën (Bucharest, Romania).
Dobrinčić A., Pedisić S., Zorić Z., Jurin M., Roje M., Čož-Rakovac R, & Dragović-Uzelac V. (2021). Microwave Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata. Foods, 10(7), 1481.
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