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6 protocols using anti flag m2 fitc

1

Fc Variant Display and Screening

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Mammalian cell display vector harboring Fc libraries was transfected into HEK293T cells, together with pMDLg/pRRE, pRSV-Rev and pCMV-VSV-G packaging plasmids, using polyethylenimine (PEI), to produce lentivirus library. The lentivirus was concentrated with Lentivirus Concentration Reagent (BIOMIGA), and the titer was measured with Lenti-X™ p24 Rapid Titer Kit (Takara Bio Inc.).
1×107 HEK293T cells were infected by lentivirus library at low MOI, followed by 48 h of culture to display Fc variants on the cell surface. The cells were then detached by StemPro Accutase Cell Dissociation Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific), resuspended in 1 mL blocking buffer (PBS supplemented with 5% FBS (V/V), 1% glucose (W/V), 1 mM Na2EDTA, 1 mM HEPES) and incubated for 30 min at 4 °C with gentle agitation. Then the cells were incubated with 250 nM (125 nM for the 2nd and 3rd rounds of sorting) biotinylated FcγRs (bio-FcγRs) in blocking buffer at 4 °C for 30 min. After washing three times with ice-cold FACS buffer (PBS supplemented with 1% glucose (W/V), 1 mM Na2EDTA, 1 mM HEPES), the cells were resuspended in 1 mL of blocking buffer containing streptavidin-PE (1:1000 dilution, Thermo Fishier Scientific) and ANTI-FLAG® M2-FITC (1:200 dilution, SIGMA) and incubated at 4 °C for 30 min. The cells were finally washed three times and resuspended in ice-cold FACS buffer for sorting (FACSAria III, BD).
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2

HUVEC Cell Monolayer Staining Protocol

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For static cell staining experiments, HUVEC cell monolayers were grown in 8 well μ-slides (Ibidi, Verona, WI) coated with 1% gelatin. Cells were treated for 1 hour with EGM-2 media supplemented with 3% BSA, to minimize nonspecific binding, and then stained with Ab62 scFv or mAb or Mec13 scFv (1 μg/mL) for 30 minutes at 37°C. Cells were washed with EGM-2 media and then fixed for 10 minutes with a freshly prepared 1:1 mixture of methanol and acetone. Fixed cells were washed 4 times with TBS and incubated with anti-FLAG (M2)-FITC (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at 10 μg/mL or Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-mouse (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) at 1 μg/mL for 1 hour at RT. For fluorescent nanocarrier experiments, cells were treated with scFv-decorated liposomes for 30 minutes at 37°C and then washed three times with EGM-2 medium, followed by fixation with 2% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes. In all experiments, fixed cells were washed three times with PBS prior to addition of ProLong Gold Antifade reagent with DAPI (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY).
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3

Differentiation and Analysis of N2A Cells

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The N2A cells were plated on coverslips precoated with poly L-lysine (Sigma, P4707). Twenty-four hours after transfection, N2A cells were differentiated by 0.1% FBS and 2 mM retinoic acid for 24 h. Differentiated N2A cells were washed with PBS, fixed by 4% PFA, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS, blocked with 10% BSA in PBS, incubated with Anti-Flag M2 FITC (Sigma, F4049), and visualized on confocal microscope (Nikon A1R). For cell counting, we replicated n = 4 independent transfection and took ten nonoverlapped images for each transfection. An average of 250 cells were counted for each transfection.
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4

Quantifying GPCR Surface Expression

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The monoclonal ANTI-FLAG®M2-FITC (Sigma-Aldrich: F4049), which is a monoclonal antibody covalently conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), can recognize the FLAG sequence at the N-terminus (Hanson et al., 2007 (link)). Therefore, α-flag FITC (2.5 µg/mL) was added to cells to quantify the percentage of cells with surface-expressing GPCRs and the density (mean fluorescence intensity; MFI) of GPCRs on the surface of those cells. α-Flag FITC (2.5 µg/mL) with 1.5% Triton was added to cells to quantify the total expression levels which includes total percentage and total density. For total and surface FITC expression assay, we used 10 µL FITC with and without Triton working solution plus 10 µL of cells, incubate at 4°C for 20 min, add 180 µL 1× TBS (straight TBS, without BSA), then ran the assay on a Guava flow cytometer. The Guava Express Plus GRN histogram statistics provide the count, cells/mL, mean signal intensity, and %CV for each population within a marker. Additionally, the % of total shows the percentage of the data displayed in that plot. Here, we use the data of mean signal intensity and % of total and surface expression.
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5

Spike Antigen Labeling and Fab Library Characterization

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Spike antigen was biotinylated using the EZ-link kit (Thermo Scientific, cat. no. 21435) and labeled with streptavidin-AF647 (Invitrogen, cat. no. S32357). RBD was labeled with a mouse anti-human Fc-AF647 (Southern Biotech, cat. no. 9042–31). Fab library light chains were labeled with anti-FLAG M2-FITC (Sigma, cat. no. F4049).
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6

Immunofluorescence Analysis of HO-1 and FLAG Proteins

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To evaluate HO-1 expression by indirect immunofluorescence, cells were cultured on coverslips, and IIF was carried out as previously described, with a few modifications [8 (link),19 (link)]. Then, cells were incubated with a rabbit polyclonal anti-HO-1 (SPA-896; Stressgen Bioreagents) followed by an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary Ab (Molecular Probes). To evaluate FLAG expression in stably transfectants cells by direct immunofluorescence, cells were incubated with a mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG M2-FITC (F4049; Sigma Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Finally, cells were stained with DAPI and mounted on Mowiol® 4-88 (#81381, Sigma Aldrich). Cells were analyzed by using Nikon Eclipse E600 fluorescence microscope or Leica TCS SP2 confocal microscope.
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