S mephenytoin

CypExpress^TM 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 human kits, quercetin (Q), ticlopidine hydrochloride, quinidine, testosterone, 6β-hydroxytestosterone, ketoconazole, fetal bovine serum (FBS), glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin, pyranine (trisodium 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate), bromosulfophthalein, sulforhodamine 101, sodium orthovanadate, probenecid, 5(6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (CDCF), lucifer yellow (LY), and benzbromarone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt (NADP⁺), and glucose-6-phosphate barium salt (G6P) were from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary). S-mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, dextromethorphan, and dextrorphan were obtained from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). Isorhamnetin (IR) and Ko143 were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France) and Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK), respectively. Quercetin-3′-sulfate (Q3′S), quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3G), and isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide (I3G) were synthetized as described previously [46 (link)].

Alternariol was purchased from Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch GmbH (Marketredwitz, Germany). CypExpress human recombinant Cytochrome P450 (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4) kits, CypExpress Control (CYPnull), testosterone, and 6β-hydroxytestosterone were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). CYP1A2 Inhibitor Assay Kit (fluorometric; ab211075) was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Diclofenac, 4′-hydroxyDiclofenac, S-mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, dextromethorphan, and dextrorphan were purchased from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). HPLC grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from VWR (Debrecen, Hungary). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt and glucose-6-phosphate barium salt were from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary). Stock solution of AOH (40 mM) was prepared in spectroscopic grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Fluka, Charlotte, NC, USA) and stored at −20 °C.

7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) was obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). S-mephenytoin, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, diclofenac, 4′-hydroxydiclofenac, and 6-thiouric acid were purchased from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile and methanol were acquired from VWR (Budapest, Hungary). Orthophosphoric acid (85 v/v%), human serum albumin (HSA), racemic warfarin (WAR), naproxen (NAP), testosterone, 6β-hydroxytestosterone, naringenin, ticlopidine hydrochloride, 6-mercaptopurin, allopurinol, CypExpress 2C9 kit, CypExpress 2C19 kit, CypExpress 3A4 kit, and xanthine oxidase (XO; from bovine milk) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate sodium salt (NADP⁺) and glucose-6-phosphate barium salt (G6P) were purchased from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary). Glacial acetic acid (99.5 v/v%) was obtained from Fluka (Bucharest, Romania). Stock solutions of DHF, site markers, substrates, and products (2000 μM each) were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (spectroscopic grade; Fluka) and stored at −20°C.