L histidine hydrochloride

Materials used in this study were l-histidine hydrochloride, l-arginine, stearic acid, and hydrogen peroxide (30% w/v; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China); polyethylenimine (PEI, branched, molecular weight 25 kDa), Lipofectamine™ 2000, l-buthionine-sulfoximine, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride, l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, ethidium bromide, dithiothreitol (DTT, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA); a luciferase assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA); pDNA (pGL3 and pEGFP) (Shanghai Innovation Biotechnology Co Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China); enhanced bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Beyotime, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China); Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum, YOYO-1 (Y3601) and penicillin–streptomycin solution 5 kU/mL (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA); a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, Dojindo Molecular Technologies Inc, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China); and HEK293 cells and HeLa cells (Cell Culture Center of the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). All other reagents were of analytical grade. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the ethics and regulations of animal experiments of Second Military Medical University (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China).

The following materials and reagents used in this study: lipoic acid, L-histidine hydrochloride, and L-arginine (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China); 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (Aladdin, Shanghai, China); DOXO-EMCH (MCE, NJ, USA); dithiothreitol (DTT) (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA); NH2-PEG-COOH (polyethylene glycol modified y amino and carboxyl) (MW: 2000) (BO Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, China); 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Tokyo, Japan); Medium RPMI 1640, penicillin streptomycin solution (5 kU/mL), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA); and CpG (5′-tcgtcgttttcggcgcgcgccg-3′) and Cy-5-labeled CpG (InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA).