Basal dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

Baicalin (purity: ≥98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). All the antibodies, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), total and cleaved caspase-3, total and cleaved caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, Fas, and FasL, were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). In addition, basal Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were provided by Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). The quantification kits of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were provided by Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). The other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.

Cal (C₁₆H₁₂O₅) was obtained from Standard Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). TPA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Transwell chambers were purchased from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY, USA). MMP2, MMP-9, E-cadherin (E-Cad), integrin β1, PKC-α antibodies were obtained from Boster Systems, Inc. (Pleasanton, CA, USA). AEB071, a PKC-α inhibitor, was provided by Sellek Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). The ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), penicillin/streptomycin, trypsin, EDTA, RNase, 1% Triton X-100, SDS-PAGE gel (10%) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Jiangsu, China). AnnexinV/ propidium iodide (PI) was provided by Immunotech (Marseille, France). Basal Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Crystal violet, acetic acid and pure methanol were purchased from Aladdin Shanghai Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.(Shanghai, China). Other reagents used were of analytical grade and obtained from commercial sources.