The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a validated tool to assess psychosocial status, which has been validated in Karnataka as well (23 (link)), and social support was measured using the 12- item validated questionnaire (24 (link)). For anthropometry of the women, weight was measured using a Tanita weighing scale and height using the SECA 213 Portable Stadiometer, Hamburg. The anthropometry of the infants was measured at birth and 14 weeks; weight using a SECA 354 Weighing Scale, Hamburg; and length using SECA 417 Infantometer, Hamburg.
417 infantometer
Manufactured by Seca
Sourced in Germany
The SECA 417 Infantometer is a precision measuring device designed for accurate length measurements of infants and young children. It provides reliable and consistent results to support healthcare professionals in assessing growth and development.
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Lab products found in correlation
12 protocols using 417 infantometer
1
Postpartum Depression and Social Support Assessment
2
Standardized Length Measurements in Infants
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A custom length board, standardized against the infant and child ShorrBoard (Weigh and Measure) and Seca 417 infantometer (Seca) were used for length measurements. Length measurements were performed by study nurses and midwives who were given lessons on theory and participated in lab sessions on WHO standard child growth assessment procedures to measure length. Measurements were recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. Length was measured as single measurements (rather than averaging repeated measures for patient acceptability) during scheduled child follow-up visits at birth, on days 6, 28, and 42 after birth; and at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months of age; as well as from health facility visits (ie, outpatient visits or hospital admissions).
3
Anthropometric Measurements in NFHS-5 India
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For demonstrating the application of this score, we used data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21). The NFHS-5 is a household survey conducted in 2019-21, covering all the States and Union Territories of India. This survey is designed to generate estimates of population, health, and nutrition at national, state/union territory (UT), and district levels. Four survey schedules (Household, Woman’s, Man’s, and Biomarker) were canvassed in 636,699 households across India using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). The NFHS-5 has collected information of 724,115 women (15–49 years), 101,839 men (15–54 years), and 232,920 children (0–59 months). The height and weight of children (0–59 months) were measured and recorded in the NFHS-5. The weight of children (0–59 months) was measured using the Seca 874 digital scale. The height of children (24–59 months) was measured with the Seca 213 stadiometer. The Seca 417 Infantometer was used to measure the recumbent length of children under two years or less than 85 cm. The WHO Z-scores for HAZ (height-for-age), WHZ (weight-for-height), and WAZ (weight-for-age) were also available in the data set.
4
Detailed Neonatal Anthropometric Measurements
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The trained research staff recorded anthropometric measurements within 72 h after delivery. The child's weight was recorded using SECA 354, and length and the crown-rump length were measured with SECA 417 Infantometer. Chasmors body circumference tape was used to measure circumferences such as chest, waist, hip, and mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness was measured using Holtain Calliper (Holtain, UK). The research staff was periodically tested and certified for anthropometry assessment from St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore. We measured weight in kilograms, and readings were taken to the nearest 0.5 g, length in centimeters, circumferences in centimeters, and skinfold thickness in millimeters. We obtained three readings for each measurement.
5
Anthropometric Measurements of Newborns
6
Measuring Child Anthropometry Accurately
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Child anthropometry was collected by trained and standardized field staff using standard methods, as described in NFHS‐3 and NFHS‐4 reports (IIPS, 2008 , 2018 ). Recumbent length/height of the children was measured by Seca 417 infantometer for children below 2 years and Seca 213 stadiometer for children 2–5 years. Length/height was then converted into height‐for‐age Z‐scores (HAZ), according to 2006 WHO child growth standards. Stunting is defined as < −2 Z‐score of HAZ.
7
Anthropometric Measures of Child Malnutrition
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Three anthropometric measures of child malnourishment were taken as the health outcome variables: height-for-age z-score (HAZ), weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) among children under five years. The z-scores from the data for these three measures are based on WHO standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group, 2006 ). Weight was measured using the Seca 874 digital scale. The height of children aged 24–59 months was measured using the Seca 213 stadiometer. The recumbent length of children under 2 years or those less than 85 cm was measured using the Seca 417 infantometer. The sample size of children below 60 months of age included in this study was 2,59,627. Children with missing information on age, height, and weight were excluded from the statistical analysis. For the regression models, data on 2,25,002 children under 5 years were used from the NFHS-4, 2015–16.
8
Prevalence of Childhood Stunting
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The outcome variable is the district-level prevalence of CS. The height measurement was available for children aged 0–59 months, which allowed estimating the proportion of children who were stunted or chronically undernourished. The height of children aged 24–59 months was measured with the Seca 213 stadiometer, and the recumbent length of children under two years or those less than 85 centimeters was measured using the Seca 417 infantometer. Children whose height-for-age Z-score was below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the median of the reference population were considered short for their age (stunted).
9
Postnatal Depression and Infant Anthropometry
10
Anthropometric Measurements and Nutritional Status
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Anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained field staff using standard procedures [23 ]. Weight was measured using the Seca 874 digital scale. Height was measured using the Seca 213 stadiometer for adults and children aged 24–59 mo. Recumbent length was measured using Seca 417 infantometer for children
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