IPDI was supplied by Covestro AG (Leverkusen, Germany) with the commercial name of Desmodur® I. Dichloromethane (>99.8%, HPLC grade) was obtained from Fisher Chemical (Porto Salvo, Portugal) and used without further purification. PBAT (PBAT A400; Mw = 98,000 g/mol) was supplied by Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). The emulsifier poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (98−99% hydrolyzed, 57,000–67,000 Da) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA).
Poly vinyl alcohol pva
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that is water-soluble, odorless, nontoxic, and biodegradable. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and binder. PVA is available in different molecular weights and degrees of hydrolysis, which can affect its physical and chemical properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Urea, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Potassium thiocyanate kscn, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vinyltrimethoxysilane vtms, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium silicate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Octadecyltrimethoxysilane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gum arabic, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jeffamine d2000, by Huntsman (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide pellets, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane dcm, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Formaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Urea, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Melamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Glycine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
11 protocols using poly vinyl alcohol pva
1
Synthesis and Characterization of PBAT Nanocomposites
2
Synthesis and Characterization of Azo Molecular Glass Microspheres
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The azo molecular glass (IAC-4, Chart 1 ) was synthesized according to the previous report.48 (link) The characterization results of IAC-4 are shown in Fig. S1–S4 (in ESI† ). Monodispersed IAC-4 microspheres with the averaged diameter of 14.7 ± 0.1 μm were fabricated via the emulsion-solvent evaporation method in a microfluidic chip.40 (link) Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN, 99%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with the hydrolysis degree of 98–99% and the averaged molecular weight of 88 000–97 000 was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Deionized water (resistivity > 18 MΩ cm) was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system. Other reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received without further purification.
3
Sustainable Waste-Derived Electrode Materials
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Peanut shells, walnut shells and almond shells were obtained from the local market as waste products. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), potassium bromide (KBr), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), and isopropanol were purchased from Merck Chemicals, India limited. Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Et4NBF4), ethylene carbonate (EC), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Dichloroethane (DCE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) was purchased from Alfa-Aesar. All other reagents used in this study were of pure analytical grade and were used without any further purification. All aqueous solution was prepared using mili-Q water.
4
Preparation of Antifouling PLA Coatings
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Materials Irgarol 1051 (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), Econea (Janssen PMP, Beerse, Belgium) and Zinc pyrithione (ZPT; Janssen PMP, Beerse, Belgium) were kindly provided by CHROTEX S.A. Commercial PLA (NaturePlast PLI005, Caen, France) was solid state hydrolyzed at 60 °C for five (5) days via pellets suspension in acidic aqueous medium (pH = 3) [51 (link)]. The resulting PLA grade was of 135,000 g·mol−1 (viscosity-average molecular weight, ) and 22.2% (mass fraction crystallinity, χc). Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA) was utilized as an emulsifier, and it was of high molecular weight, 87–89% hydrolyzed. Other reagents used were analytical grade acetone (ACT), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetonitrile (ACN).
5
Silica-Based Adsorbents for Oil Remediation
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All the chemicals
used in this work were of reagent grade and used without any further
treatment. Sodium silicate with 7.5–8.5% Na2O and
SiO2 25.5–28.5% SiO2 purchased from Merck
(Germany) was used as the inorganic silica source. Octadecyltrimethoxysilane
(OTMS) and vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) were procured from Sigma
Aldrich (USA). Trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) from Fluka was used. Poly(vinyl
alcohol) (PVA; 86–89% hydrolyzed) was purchased from Alfa Aesar.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and formaldehyde
were procured from Merck, India. 20W-40 4T engine oil from Castrol
India Ltd. (Mumbai), crude oil from Kochi Refinery Ltd., paraffin
oil and other organic solvents (hexane and toluene) from Fisher Scientific
India, and kerosene purchased from the local market were used as adsorbates.
used in this work were of reagent grade and used without any further
treatment. Sodium silicate with 7.5–8.5% Na2O and
SiO2 25.5–28.5% SiO2 purchased from Merck
(Germany) was used as the inorganic silica source. Octadecyltrimethoxysilane
(OTMS) and vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) were procured from Sigma
Aldrich (USA). Trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) from Fluka was used. Poly(vinyl
alcohol) (PVA; 86–89% hydrolyzed) was purchased from Alfa Aesar.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and formaldehyde
were procured from Merck, India. 20W-40 4T engine oil from Castrol
India Ltd. (Mumbai), crude oil from Kochi Refinery Ltd., paraffin
oil and other organic solvents (hexane and toluene) from Fisher Scientific
India, and kerosene purchased from the local market were used as adsorbates.
6
Synthesis of Isocyanate-based Polyurethane Microcapsules
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The shell-forming isocyanate, a commercial methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) oligomer, Ongronat® 2500, and the monomeric IPDI, Desmodur® I, to be encapsulated, were kindly supplied by BorsodChem (Kazincbarcika, Hungary) and by Covestro AG (Leverkusen, Germany), respectively. The active (hydrogen) H source Jeffamine® D-2000, a polyetheramine, was supplied by Huntsman (The Woodlands, TX, USA). Regarding the emulsion stabilizers, the gum arabic (GA) was obtained from Fisher Chemical (Porto Salvo, Portugal), the Dabco® DC193 was purchased from Air Products, Dow Corning (Bristol, PA, USA), and the Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), (98–99% hydrolyzed, of medium molecular weight (MW), with an average of 57,000 to 66,000 gmol−1) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). All the chemicals were used as received, without further purification.
7
Eco-friendly Eggshell Powder Synthesis
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Discarded eggshells from a local bakery near Suranree University of Technology (SUT) in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, were collected as the starting material. The eggshells were thoroughly washed with water and then boiled for six hours at 100 °C to remove the eggshell membranes and organic residues. Following this, the eggshells were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours and subsequently ground into a fine powder. The chemicals utilized in the study were procured from the following sources: Silver nitrate (99.0%, ACS reagent), sodium carbonate (powder, 99.5%, ACS reagent) and polyethylene glycol (average Mw 600 g mol−1) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used in powder form, with an average molecular weight of 90 000 g mol−1. Poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) was also in powder form, with an average molecular weight of 70 000 g mol−1. These were likewise obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), with a high molecular weight and 98–99% hydrolysis level, was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Nitric acid 65% (AR Grade), with a molecular weight of 63.01 g mol−1, was sourced from ANaPURE.
8
Bosentan-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles
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Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer (50:50) (PURASORB® PDLG 5002A, inherent viscosity of 0.2 dL/g) was generously donated from PURAC (Gorinchem, Netherlands). Bosentan was supplied by Parabolic (Chandigarh, India). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (98–99% hydrolyzed with Low Mwt.) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was obtained from Oxford (Mumbai, India). Dichloromethane (DCM), sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide pellets and methanol were obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Pure acetone was purchased from El Nasr pharmaceutical Chemicals Co. (Cairo, Egypt). All solvents used were HPLC grade.
9
Multifunctional MUF Microcapsules for Tung Oil Encapsulation
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Melamine (M), urea (U), and formaldehyde (F) as the core reactants for MUF synthesis; Melamine (99% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), urea (98%, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA), and formaldehyde (37 wt% solution, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for MUF microcapsules; Lauryl sulfate sodium (LSS) (99%, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (98–99%, Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA) for stabilization; tung oil (100% refined, Tung Oil Producers, Wuhan, China) for the core material; Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (98%, Dow Chemicals, Midland, MI, USA) and p-Phenylenediamine (>99%, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) for polyurea synthesis; Tetrahydrofuran (>99.9%, VWR Chemicals, Radnor, PA, USA) and O-(2-Aminopropyl)-O′-(2-methoxyethyl) polypropylene glycol (95%, Huntsman Corporation, The Woodlands, TX, USA) as the reactive diluent. These materials, selected for their exceptional purity from established suppliers, are critical for the fabrication of microcapsules and the resulting polyurea resin.
10
Extraction and Characterization of Olive Leaf PLA
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Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves (1 kg) were collected from pesticide-free olive trees in the “Afidnes” region, belonged to the “Megaritiki” cultivar and were dried at room temperature, in the dark, for nine days. The dried leaf material obtained was 670.4 g. The PLA used presented viscosity-average molecular weight ( ) of 46,000 g/mol and was obtained from solid state hydrolysis of a commercial resin (PLI005, NaturePlast, Ifs, France) at 60 °C under acidic conditions (pH 3) [35 (link)]. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA), which was used as emulsion stabilizer, was of average molecular weight 88,000–97,000, 87–89% hydrolysed. All the organic solvents used were of analytical grade.
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