Montmorillonite k10

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Montmorillonite K10 is a naturally occurring clay mineral used as a laboratory adsorbent. It has a high surface area and is commonly employed in various chemical and analytical applications.

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Montmorillonite (12 citations) Montmorillonite K10 nanoclay (2 citations)

9 protocols using montmorillonite k10

Synthesis of N-phenyl carbamates

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Methyl N-phenyl carbamate (CAS: 2603-10-3) was purchased from TCI chemicals. Phenyl isocyanate (≥98%), aniline (≥99%), 1,3-Diphenylurea (98%), 1-(2-Pyridyl) piperazine (≥99%), Dimethyl sulfoxide (anhydrous ≥ 99.9%) and diphenyl ether (≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Acetonitrile (HPLC grade), water (HPLC grade), ammonium acetate (≥98%), and formic acid (For LC-MS 98–100%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich for use in analytical equipment (LC).
Catalysts include montmorillonite K10 (H₂Al₂(SiO₃)₄−nH₂O, surface area 220–270 m²/g), zinc oxide (nanopowder, ≤100 nm, 10–25 m²/g), and aluminium oxide (50–300 mesh, acid, 155 m²/g) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Bismuth(III) oxide (nanopowder 99.9%, 3.8–5.5 m²/g) was purchased from Fischer scientific. The catalysts were stored in an oven (110 °C) prior to experiments.

Zamani S., Lange J.P., Kersten S.R, & Ruiz M.P. (2022). Polyurethane Recycling: Conversion of Carbamates—Catalysis, Side-Reactions and Mole Balance. Polymers, 14(22), 4869.

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Silt-Mineral Aggregate Formation

Cited 1 time

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Silt fraction (2–50 µm) composed mainly from feldspars and quartz, extracted from the upper 0–10 cm layer of a Haplic Luvisol, described in detail by Lipiec et al. [35 (link)], was mixed with powdered forms of the following minerals:

Goethite 71063-100G (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA),

Kaolinite containing <5% illite and ~10% quartz,

Illite containing ~10% kaolinite and ~5% quartz,

Montmorillonite K10 (Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany),

Zeolite, coming from a clinoptilolitic tuff deposit in Sokirnitsa, Ukraine.

Carefully homogenised distilled water-saturated pastes were prepared from the mixtures of the silt and the minerals. The content of particular minerals in the mixtures was 0 (control SILT), 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, 64% and 100%. Spherical aggregates of 20 mm in diameter were formed from the pastes using ordinary silicon forms sold in fishing stores to prepare fish-bait. The aggregates were air-dried until constant mass was reached at laboratory conditions (relative humidity around 60% and temperature around 20 °C). A detailed description of the materials, including specific surface area, particle diameter, zeta potential, micropore volume, average pore diameter, solid phase density, surface fractal dimension and volumetric porosity, is presented in [36 (link)].

Adamczuk A., Gryta A., Skic K., Boguta P, & Jozefaciuk G. (2022). Effect of Different Minerals on Water Stability and Wettability of Soil Silt Aggregates. Materials, 15(16), 5569.

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PVDF-Based Adsorptive Membrane for Cu2+ Removal

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PVDF (SOLEF 1008/1001, Solvay Fluoropolymers Mw = 244,000 g/mol) in powder form was used as the polymer. N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF—99.8%; LabSynth Products Laboratories Ltd., Sao Paulo, Brazil) was used as a solvent. Montmorillonite K-10 {(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)-(OH)₂.nH₂O} purchased from Sigma Aldrich (surface area, 250 g/m²) was used as the clay. Ethyl alcohol (99.5%) was purchased from the company LabSynth Products Laboratories. The copper solutions were prepared using a standard solution of copper (Cu²⁺) with a concentration of 1000 ppm.

Dias G.C., Cardoso M.F., Sanches A.O., Santos M.C, & Malmonge L.F. (2023). PVDF/Clay Spheres Obtained through Phase Inversion for Cu Ion Removal. Polymers, 15(12), 2643.

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Curcumin-Loaded Biopolymer Composites

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Gift sample of curcumin was kindly supplied by Sanat Products Ltd., New Delhi, India. LBG was kindly gifted by Lucid Colloids Ltd., Mumbai, India. Montmorillonite K 10 (MMT) and kappa carrageenan (κC) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Propylene glycol (PG) was purchased from Loba Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India. All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.

Kaur R., Sharma A., Puri V, & Singh I. (2018). Preparation and characterization of biocomposite films of carrageenan/locust bean gum/montmorrillonite for transdermal delivery of curcumin. BioImpacts : BI, 9(1), 37-43.

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Development of Silicone-based Multifunctional Composites

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The RTV-Silicone rubber used in this work was obtained from Shin-Etsu Chemical Corporation Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. It was purchased under the commercial name “KE-441-KT” and has a transparent appearance. The vulcanizing material used was also obtained from Shin-Etsu Chemical Corporation Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, and its commercial name is “CAT-RM.” The MWCNT used, which has the commercial name CM-100, was purchased from Hanwha Nanotech Corporation Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea. The clay minerals used (Montmorillonite K10) have a surface area of 220–270 m²/g and were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. The electrolyte iron particles (EIP) used, which have the commercial name “Fe#400,” were purchased from Aometal Corporation Limited, Gomin-si, Republic of Korea. The EIP particles were irregular in shape and had a greyish color with micron-sized particles in the range of 10–12 µm. The elemental composition of the EIP was 98.8% iron with traces of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. The mold-releasing agent was purchased from Nabakem, Pyeongtaek-si, Republic of Korea.

Kumar V., Alam M.N., Yewale M.A, & Park S.S. (2023). Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites. Polymers, 15(10), 2287.

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Polymer Composite Formulation and Characterization

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Trimethylolpropane triglycidyl
ether (TMPTE), tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (TEGDVE), and 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (Luperox 231)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. (4-(Octyloxy)phenyl) (phenyl)iodonium
hexafluorostibate(V) (IOC-8) was purchased from AmBeed, Inc. (Arlington
Heights, IL) and Hampford Research, Inc. (Stratford, CT). All chemicals
were used as received. The chemical structures of the monomers and
initiators used are shown in Figure 1. Talc was purchased from US Composites, Inc. (West
Palm Beach, FL). Hectalite 200 (hectorite) and bentonite HPM-20 (Na-bentonite)
were purchased from Sheffield Pottery, Inc. (Sheffield, MA). Bentolite
L10 (Ca-bentonite) and Fulcat 435 were purchased from BYK Additives
& Instruments (Wallingford, CT). Polygloss 90 (kaolin) was purchased
from KaMin Performance Materials (Macon, GA), and Hubercarb Q3 (calcium
carbonate) was purchased from Huber Materials (Quincy, IL). Zoltek
PX35 milled carbon fiber was obtained from Zoltek Companies, Inc.
(St. Louis, MO). Nyad G, 10 ES Wollastocoat, and Nyad 1215 were purchased
from Imerys Performance Additives (San Jose, CA). Fibertec 520S, Microglass
7204, Microglass 9114, and FRM were provided by Fibertec, Inc. (Bridgewater,
MA). Montmorillonite K10 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Wood flour
(60 mesh pine flour) was obtained from American Wood Fibers.

Groce B.R., Lane E.E., Gary D.P., Ngo D.T., Ngo D.T., Shaon F., Belgodere J.A, & Pojman J.A. (2023). Kinetic and Chemical Effects of Clays and Other Fillers in the Preparation of Epoxy–Vinyl Ether Composites Using Radical-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(15), 19403-19413.

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Investigating Cell-Mineral Interactions

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We employed typical soil minerals, including montmorillonite (Sigma-Aldrich: montmorillonite K 10, no. 69866), kaolinite (Sigma-Aldrich: kaolinite natural, no. 03584), goethite (Bayferrox 920 Z, Lanxess) and quartz (Merck Millipore: quartz fine granular, washed and calcined, no. 1075361000) to investigate cell-mineral interactions. The reported mineral particle sizes for montmorillonite, kaolinite, and goethite were 412 nm^{50 (link)}, 447 nm^{50 (link)}, and 580 nm^{51 (link)}, respectively. Quartz had a particle size of 0.2–0.8 mm according to the technical data sheet.

Abu Quba A.A., Goebel M.O., Karagulyan M., Miltner A., Kästner M., Bachmann J., Schaumann G.E, & Diehl D. (2023). Hypertonic stress induced changes of Pseudomonas fluorescens adhesion towards soil minerals studied by AFM. Scientific Reports, 13, 17146.

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Chitosan-Montmorillonite Aceclofenac Formulation

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Medium molecular weight chitosan (CS) (MW = 92,700 g/mol) and montmorillonite K10 (MMT) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Aceclofenac was gifted by IPZA Pharmaceuticals, Patiala, Punjab, India. All other ingredients used were of analytical grade and were used as received.

Thakur G., Singh A, & Singh I. (2015). Chitosan-Montmorillonite Polymer Composites: Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablets of Aceclofenac. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 84(4), 603-618.

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Synthesis of Dye-Intercalated Montmorillonite

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Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, cobalt(II) chloride
hexahydrate,
and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Merck Inc. Glycoluril, montmorillonite
K10 (Sigma-Aldrich), crystal violet (CV) (Sigma-Aldrich, C₂₅H₃₀ClN₃, 407.98 g mol^–1),
methylene blue (MB) (Sigma-Aldrich, C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S.3H₂O, 373.9 g mol^–1), and rhodamine
B (Sigma-Aldrich, C₂₈H₃₁ClN₂O_3, 479.01 g mol^–1) were used as received
without any further purification.

Kanth P C., Trivedi M.U., Patel K., Misra N.M, & Pandey M.K. (2021). Cucurbituril-Functionalized Nanocomposite as a Promising Industrial Adsorbent for Rapid Cationic Dye Removal. ACS Omega, 6(4), 3024-3036.

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