High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade solvents such as acetonitrile, n-heptane, and ethanol (EtOH), as well as menthol, eucalyptol, thymol, choline chloride, and citric acid were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Spain). Standards of 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), fluorescein sodium salt, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and quercetin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain). Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent was acquired from Merck (Germany). 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was purchased from TCI Chemicals (Japan). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Millipore system (Billerica, United States).
Choline chloride
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in Spain
Choline chloride is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a salt composed of the choline cation and the chloride anion. Choline chloride serves as a source of the essential nutrient choline, which is important for various biological functions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Citric acid, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu phenol reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol etoh, by Avantor (1 mentions)
N heptane, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 amidinopropane dihydrochloride aaph, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
2 protocols using choline chloride
1
Analytical Methods for Antioxidant Characterization
2
Thermostability and Activity Profiling of MSlys
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
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S. pneumoniae R6st cells grown overnight were diluted 1:100 in fresh THBye and allowed to grow until the exponential phase. The thermostability of MSlys was assessed by heating the endolysin samples at several temperatures for 30 min. These samples were after cooled on ice (20 min), cells harvested (5000 ×g, 5 min, RT), and resuspended in PBS. The influence of pH on MSlys activity was tested on harvested cells resuspended in universal buffer (150 mM KCl, 10 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM Na3C6H5O7, and 10 mM H3BO3) adjusted to a range of pH (5–10). For the evaluation of choline supplementation, harvested cells were resuspended in PBS containing different choline chloride (VWR) concentrations. The antibacterial effect of MSlys (2 μM) was determined as described above (37 °C, 5% CO2), with the OD620 of MSlys-treated S. pneumoniae measured after 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h.
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