Patients were scanned on three MRI scanners (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) at the radiology department, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge. Axial SWI and/or T2* sequences, as well as conventional MRI sequences, such as T1, T2, FLAIR (axial), and diffusion- weighted imaging (DWI), were obtained for all patients. Patients were randomly assigned to the different MRI scanners based on clinical availability, as well as the T2* and SWI sequences. Furthermore, 155 patients were scanned on the 1.5T Siemens Magnetom Symphony, 212 patients on the 1.5T Siemens Magnetom Avanto, 153 patients were scanned on the Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0T. In the whole cohort, the distribution of patients scanned on the 3T and with SWI sequences included were as follow: AD (3T: 27% and SWI: 19%), MCI (3T: 32% and SWI: 16%), SCI (3T: 28% and SWI: 17%), VaD (3T: 27% and SWI: 18%), and other dementias (3T: 32% and SWI: 24%).
Magnetom trio 3.0t
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Magnetom Trio 3.0T is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system produced by Siemens. It operates at a magnetic field strength of 3.0 Tesla, which allows for high-resolution imaging of the human body. The system is designed to provide advanced imaging capabilities for clinical and research applications.
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8 protocols using magnetom trio 3.0t
1
Multimodal MRI Evaluation of Dementia
2
Cervical MRI Degeneration Grading
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All patients’ cervical MRI profiles were scanned at the Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0T superconducting MR scanner (Magnetom, Trio, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) in the imaging department of the First Central Hospital of Tianjin. The cervical MR scan parameters were as follows: sagittal T2-weighted: repetition time, 3,270 ms; echo time, 112 ms; field of view, 260 × 260 mm; slice thickness, 3.0 mm; scanning slice number, 12; and voxel size, 320 × 224 mm. The samples were graded and evaluated on MRI sagittal T2-weighted images by the clinically used Pfirrmann grading (14 (link)), an intervertebral disc degeneration classification standard. The images were evaluated by a radiologist and a spine surgeon who were both unaware of the experiment, and the observers graded the sample strictly according to the Pfirrmann grading in the median sagittal position of the cervical MRI T2-weighted term. To increase the accuracy of the grading results, the cervical spine images of all patients were randomly evaluated by both observers again 2 months later (the two observers were unaware of the homogeneity of the two evaluations).
3
Resting-State and Structural MRI of Brain
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MRI was performed with Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0T in the Shanghai East China Normal University. Patients were in a supine position and wore noise-canceling headphones, and their head was fixed with a sponge mat. The patients were asked to keep calm and minimize the movement of the head. Resting state MRI was performed with Echo Planner Imaging (EPI) sequence; scanning was done at the plane parallel to the posterior-anterior line with the following parameters: time of repetition=2000 ms; time of echo=25 ms; flip angle=90°; FOV=240 mm; matrix=64×64; slice thickness=5 mm; slice number=32.
T1 weighed scanning was performed with spin echo sequence at the sagittal plane with the following parameters: time of repetition=1900 ms; time of echo=3.43 ms; flip angle=90°; FOV=256 mm; matrix=256×256; slice thickness=1 mm; slice number=160.
T1 weighed scanning was performed with spin echo sequence at the sagittal plane with the following parameters: time of repetition=1900 ms; time of echo=3.43 ms; flip angle=90°; FOV=256 mm; matrix=256×256; slice thickness=1 mm; slice number=160.
4
Multimodal Brain Imaging with 3T MRI
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Imaging data were collected using a Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0-T scanner (Siemens Corporation) and a 12-channel head coil. First, high-resolution whole-brain magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) T1 images were obtained for anatomic localization [axial orientation, 160 slices, 1 mm thick; repetition time (TR): 2000 ms; echo time (TE): 2.63 ms; field of view (FOV): 192 × 256 mm]. Next, T2* functional images were collected, using a continuous single-shot, echoplanar imaging (EPI) acquisition sequence for blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI (33 axial slices, 3.5 mm thick with a 0.5-mm interslice gap; TR: 2000 ms; TE: 30 ms; flip angle: 70°; FOV: 225 × 225 mm; acquisition matrix: 96 × 96 voxels, resulting in an in-plane resolution of 2.34 × 2.34 mm). A total of 186 EPI volumes were collected during each run; the first five volumes were acquired during rest, allowing tissue magnetization stabilization.
5
In Vivo MRI of Glioma-Bearing Mice
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In vivo MR imaging was conducted on a clinical MRI (Siemens Magnetom Trio, 3.0 T) scanner. The postsurgical glioma-bearing mice were randomly assigned to two groups and anesthetized with 1–2% isoflurane in 20% oxygen. T2-weighted MRI of mice were collected before and 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 h after administration of D-MMSNs and ND-MMSNs (1×106 neutrophils per mouse) with a dose of 150 μl (3 mg kg−1 Fe) via intravenous injection. T2-weighted MRI of brain sections were performed with a fast spin echo sequence: TR = 5000 ms, TE = 79.2 ms, slice thickness = 1.5 mm, FoV = 40 × 40. The signal intensities of regions of interest in the brain tumor were measured before and after injection. Accumulation of contrast agents within the tumor was further confirmed by ex vivo Prussian blue staining images of the tumor tissues after 2 h of intravenous injection.
6
3T fMRI Acquisition Protocol for Brain Imaging
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MRI data were acquired on a Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0T whole-body scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) at the McCausland Center for Brain Imaging at the University of South Carolina. The functional images were acquired using a single-shot echo-planar imaging pulse sequence (TR = 2200ms, TE = 35ms, 90° flip angle) with a 12-channel head coil. Thirty-six 3 mm thick oblique-axial slices were imaged in interleaved scanning order with no gap. The acquisition matrix was 64×64 with 3×3×3 mm voxels. Functional data was acquired using a slow event-related design in two scanning sessions (two runs for each session). High-resolution whole-brain anatomical images were acquired using a standard T1-weighted 3D MP-RAGE protocol (TR = 2250 ms, TE = 4.18 ms, FOV = 256 mm, flip angle = 9°, voxel size = 1×1×1 mm) to facilitate normalization of the functional data.
7
Multimodal Imaging Protocol for Comprehensive Diagnosis
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CT scans were obtained using Discovery 64-slice VCT (GE Medical System) or Somatom Definition Flash dual-source CT (Siemens). Scanning parameters were as follows: tube voltage, 120 kV; tube current, 163–300 mA; section thickness, 3 mm; and spiral pitch, 0.980. MRI was performed using Discovery MR750 3.0 T (GE Healthcare) or Magnetom Trio 3.0 T (Siemens) at a section thickness of 3 mm. The imaging protocol included axial T2WI, coronal T2WI, sagittal T2WI, sagittal T1WI, and sagittal fat-suppressed T2WI. The imaging parameters were as follows: T1WI repetition time (TR) = 400–800 ms, echo time (TE) = 10–30 ms; and T2WI TR = 2500–4000 ms, TE = 50–120 ms. The contrast agent, 0.2 [ml/kg] Gd-DTPA, was injected through the elbow vein at a rate of 1 ml/s by using a power injector. After injection, axial T1WI fat-suppressed scanning was performed, and the parameters were as follows: TR = 571–652 ms and TE = 9.8–11.2 ms.
8
Pelvic Floor Muscle Assessment Using MRI
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After being taught by a physiotherapist (SL) to perform PFM contractions correctly using vaginal palpation, the participants completed an anatomical MRI examination in the supine position with an empty bladder. Conventional MRI was performed with a Siemens Magnetom Trio 3.0 T, using an iPAT torso/pelvis coil centered at the symphysis pubis. Images were acquired in the sagittal and axial planes. MRI image settings are summarized in Table I. Images were acquired in three conditions: (i) Rest: to evaluate PFM normal resting position; (ii) PFM MVC: to evaluate PFM response during a voluntary contraction; and (iii) Straining: to controllably reproduce the PFM response to an intra-abdominal pressure raise that could cause leakage in women with SUI and MUI symptoms, ex: load lifting, sneezing, coughing, etc. For the rest condition, participants were asked to relax and breathe normally. For the PFM MVC, participants were instructed to contract their pelvic muscles as hard as they could, as if they were holding back urine and gas. For the straining effort, participants were instructed to blow through a Guillarme's tube (exsufflation tip allowing to maintain constant intra-abdominal pressure during expiration) to standardize the effort and to push as if they were passing stool. These instructions have been shown, by Talasz et al. (2012) , to best elicit PFM relaxation and PF descent. [15]
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