Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were obtained by treating the lipids with 2% H2SO4/MeOH at 80°C for 2 h in a screw-caped vial under argon, extracted with hexane and purified by preparative TLC developed in benzene. 4,4-Dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) derivatives of FAs were prepared according to [53 (link)]. A gas chromatography analysis of FAME was conducted on a GC-2010 chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with a flame ionization detector. A SUPELCOWAX 10 (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA) capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d.) was used at 210°C. The injector and detector temperatures were 240°C. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a linear velocity of 30 cm/s. The identification of FAs was confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of their methyl esters and DMOX derivatives using a GCMS-2010 Ultra instrument (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) (electron impact at 70 eV) and a MDN-5s (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA) capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm ID). The carrier gas was He at 30 cm/s. The GC–MS analysis of FAME was performed at 160°C with a 2°C/min ramp to 240°C that was held for 20 min. The injector and detector temperatures were 250°C. GC–MS of DMOX derivatives was performed at 210°C with a 3°C/min ramp to 270°C that was held for 40 min. The injector and detector temperatures were 270°C. Spectra were compared with the NIST library and FA mass spectra archive [54 ].
Gc 2010 chromatograph
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan, United States
The GC-2010 is a gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu. It is used for the separation, identification, and quantification of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in complex mixtures. The GC-2010 features a high-performance oven, advanced electronics, and a variety of detectors to ensure accurate and reliable results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Supelcowax 10, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mdn 5s, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aoc 5000, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Db waxetr column, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Mdn 5 column, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Pufa2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gcms qp2010, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Hp plot u column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Ascend 3 hd 500, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Autoflex 3 maldi tof, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Model 1106, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Avance 400 nmr, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Avance 500, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Vertex 70v ftir spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Qp2010se mass spectrometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Silica gel 60 f254, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bpx70, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Fame standard mixture, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
13 protocols using gc 2010 chromatograph
1
GC-MS Analysis of Fatty Acid Derivatives
2
GC-MS Analysis of Aldehydes
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A Shimadzu GC-2010 chromatograph was used, with a SPL1 injector splitless mode with a DB-WAX ETR column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.5 μm). As a detector, a Shimadzu GCMS-QP 2010 quadrupole was used, and as automatic injector, the Shimadzu AOC-5000 was selected. The quantification ion for isobutyraldehyde was 250 (m/z), that for 2-methylbutanal was 239 (m/z), for 3-metylbutanal it was 239 (m/z), for methional it was 299 (m/z) and for phenylacetaldehyde it was 297 (m/z).
3
Catalytic Kumada Coupling Reactions
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Catalytic Kumada coupling reactions were performed using a modified literature procedure.35 (link) In a Schlenk flask, equipped with rubber septum, 1-iodoaryl derivative ((a) 4-iodo-tbutylbenzene, (b) 2-iodotoluene, (c) 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (1.0 mmol)), 10 μmol of complex [Ni(P,P)X2] and 0.5 mmol of mesitylene were dissolved in 3 mL of freshly distilled THF. The mixture was cooled down with liquid nitrogen (10 min). Schlenk flask was connected to the vacuum-argon manifold and evacuated (0.5 mbar). The sidearm stopcock of the Schlenk flask was closed, removing the cooling, and mixture was left standing to reach room temperature. The Schlenk flask was flushed with argon in the final degassing cycle stage. The degassing cycle was repeated three times. Finally, a hexane solution p-tolylMgBr (1.2 mmol) was carefully added under argon. The mixture was left to react at room temperature. Pick outs (50 μL) were performed under argon at 20, 90, 1080 min. Withdrawn samples were diluted in 2 mL of pure methanol (quenching of the reaction). Each sample was analyzed on a Shimadzu GC-2010 chromatograph, equipped with an FID detector and a 30 m, 0.25 mm (0.25 μm film of anchored phase) Zebron DB-5 capillary column.
4
Fatty Acid Profiling of Fermented Milk
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The FAs extraction from the samples of fermented milk was performed according to the Folch method. After the extraction, FAs were derivatizedusing 3 M methanolic HCl (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Derivatized FAs were separated using GC 2010 chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an MDN-5 column (30 m × 0.25 mm; Bellefonte, PA, USA) and analyzed using a mass detector GCMS-QP 2010 in the regime of temperature gradient. The PUFA-2 (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) kit was used as a standard. The identification of FAs was carried out as described in Moiseenko et al. [31 (link)]. The relative intensities (further relative abundances) of FA were obtained by normalization on the total intensity of the assigned peaks. All experiments were performed in triplicate.
The FA-related nutritional indices were calculated according to Chen et al. [32 (link)]:
where SFA stands for saturated fatty acids; MUFA—monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA/SFA—ratio of total PUFA to total SFA; IA—index of atherogenicity; HPI—health-promoting index (which is the reciprocal of IA and mainly used in research on dairy products); IT—index of thrombogenicity; HH—hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio; UI—unsaturation index.
The FA-related nutritional indices were calculated according to Chen et al. [32 (link)]:
where SFA stands for saturated fatty acids; MUFA—monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA/SFA—ratio of total PUFA to total SFA; IA—index of atherogenicity; HPI—health-promoting index (which is the reciprocal of IA and mainly used in research on dairy products); IT—index of thrombogenicity; HH—hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio; UI—unsaturation index.
5
GC Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were made in accordance with IUPAC [30 ]. A Shimadzu GC-2010 chromatograph with fused capillary DB-23 fused-silica column (0.25 mm i.d., 60 m, 0.25 μm film thickness, Agilent J&W, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for GC analysis. Helium was used as the carrier gas at flow rate of 0.70 mL/min. Column temperature was adjusted to isothermal at 190 °C for 95 min, where injector and detector temperatures were 230 and 240 °C, respectively. The FAME peak areas were discovered via comparing retention time to fatty acid reference standards. These standards included capric acid (C10:0), lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), arachidic acid (C20:0), lignoceric acid (C24:0) palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), and erucic acid (C22:1).
6
Pervaporation Membrane Transport Characterization
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Transport properties were studied using a pervaporation laboratory cell in steady-state regime at different temperatures (20, 30, 45, 60 °C) [38 (link)]. The composition of permeate and feed was analyzed by gas chromatography using a SHIMADZU GC-2010 chromatograph (SHIMADZU, Nancy, France) equipped with an HP-PLOT/U column (Agilent J&W GC Columns, Nancy, France) and a thermal conductivity detector.
The membrane permeation flux J (kg/(m2h)) was determined to be the amount of liquid transported through a unit of the membrane area per hour and was calculated as follows [41 ]:
where W (kg) is the weight of the liquids that permeated the membrane, A (m2) is the effective membrane area, and t (h) is the measurement time.
The separation factor (β) was calculated as follows [42 (link)]:
where yi and yj are the weight fractions of components i and j in the permeate, and xi and xj are the weight fractions of components i and j in the feed.
Each measurement was performed at least three times to ensure good accuracy of the transport parameters, and the average value was recorded for later analysis. The mean accuracies for the transport parameters were as follows: for a dense membrane, ±0.5% for water content in the permeate and ±5% for permeation flux; for supported membranes, ±1% for water content in the permeate and ±6% for permeation flux.
The membrane permeation flux J (kg/(m2h)) was determined to be the amount of liquid transported through a unit of the membrane area per hour and was calculated as follows [41 ]:
where W (kg) is the weight of the liquids that permeated the membrane, A (m2) is the effective membrane area, and t (h) is the measurement time.
The separation factor (β) was calculated as follows [42 (link)]:
where yi and yj are the weight fractions of components i and j in the permeate, and xi and xj are the weight fractions of components i and j in the feed.
Each measurement was performed at least three times to ensure good accuracy of the transport parameters, and the average value was recorded for later analysis. The mean accuracies for the transport parameters were as follows: for a dense membrane, ±0.5% for water content in the permeate and ±5% for permeation flux; for supported membranes, ±1% for water content in the permeate and ±6% for permeation flux.
7
Characterization of Reaction Products
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The reaction products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra that were recorded on spectrometers Bruker Avance 400 NMR (400.13 MHz and 100.62 MHz) and Bruker Ascend III HD 500 (500.17 MHz and 125.78 MHz). Also 2D homo- (COSY) and hetero- (HSQC, HMBC) nuclear spectra were obtained on a Bruker Avance 500 in DMSO-d6 by Bruker standard procedures, internal reference standard TMS. IR spectra were obtained on a Bruker Vertex-70V FT-IR spectrometer for samples prepared as a Nujol mull. UV spectra were recorded on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 UV/VIS-spectrometer for DMSO solutions in the wavelength range of 200–1000 nm using a 1 cm thick cuvette. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrum was recorded on a Bruker's device MALDI TOF Autoflex III with sinapinic acid as a matrixes. GC-MS analysis of compound 5 was performed on a Shimadzu GC 2010 chromatograph equipped with a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Ultra mass selective detector and a Supelco 5 ms capillary column (60 m × 0.25 m × 0.25 μm), with helium as carrier gas. Elemental analysis was performed on a Carlo Erba Model 1106 elemental analyzer. Melting points were determined on a Kofler hot-stage microscope (RNMK 80/2617) apparatus. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC method on Sorbfil plates (PTSKh-AF-A), eluent cyclohexane–CH2Cl2–EtOAc, 1 : 2 : 10, visualization with iodine vapor.
8
Residual Solvents Analysis by GC-MS
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Residual solvents were analyzed by an external ISO 17025 accredited laboratory utilizing headspace gas chromatography using a mass spectrometer for detection (GC-2010 chromatograph, QP-2010 SE Mass Spectrometer, HS-20 static headspace sampler, Shimadzu, USA). Method parameters can be found in Table 1 . The method employed a solventless fully evaporative sample introduction using the headspace sampler. This method was validated at the laboratory and accepted for use by the California Bureau of Cannabis Control. The analytes in this method and their limits of detection, limits of quantification, and action limits set by the California Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC) can be found in Table 2 .
9
Lipid Analysis of Thermotolerant Bacteria
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Strain KMM 9862 T and related type strains, Microbulbifer thermotolerans DSM 19189 T and Microbulbifer echini KACC 18258 T were grown on MA 2216 at 28 ° C. Lipids were extracted using the method of Folch et al. (1957) . Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of polar lipids was carried out on Silica gel 60 F 254 (10 x 10 cm, Merck, Germany) using chloroform-methanol-water (65:25:4, v/v) for the rst direction, and chloroform-methanol-acetic acid-water (80:12:15:4, v/v) for the second one (Collins and Shah 1984) and spraying with speci c reagents (Collins et al. 1980 ). Respiratory lipoquinones were analyzed by reversed-phase high performance thin-layer chromatography as described by Mitchell and Fallon (1990) .
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared according to the procedure of the Microbial Identi cation System (MIDI) (Sasser 1990 ). The analysis of FAMEs was performed using the GC-2010 chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with capillary columns (30 m x 0.25 mm I.D.), one coated with Supecowax-10 and the other with SPB-5. Identi cation of FAMEs was accomplished by equivalent chain length values and comparing the retention times of the samples to those of standards. In addition, FAMEs were analyzed using a GLC-MS Shimadzu GC-MS model QP2020 (column Shimadzu SH-Rtx-5MS, the temperature program from 160 о С to 250 о С, at a rate of 2 о С/min).
Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared according to the procedure of the Microbial Identi cation System (MIDI) (Sasser 1990 ). The analysis of FAMEs was performed using the GC-2010 chromatograph (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with capillary columns (30 m x 0.25 mm I.D.), one coated with Supecowax-10 and the other with SPB-5. Identi cation of FAMEs was accomplished by equivalent chain length values and comparing the retention times of the samples to those of standards. In addition, FAMEs were analyzed using a GLC-MS Shimadzu GC-MS model QP2020 (column Shimadzu SH-Rtx-5MS, the temperature program from 160 о С to 250 о С, at a rate of 2 о С/min).
10
GC Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
AOCS Official Methods Ce 1h-05 19) and Ce 1j-07 20) are the GC methods recommend the use of 100-m cyanopropyl polysiloxane columns, for example the SP-2560 or CP-Sil 88 (Chrompack, Middleburg, The Netherlands) . GC-2010 chromatograph (Shimadzu, Japan) fitted with a CP-SIL column (100 m×0.25 μm×0.2 mm) and flame ionization detector was used for desired GC analysis. Cross linked siloxane polymer was used as stationary phase and nitrogen as carrier gas. The temperature programming process included initial temperature of 80℃ holding for 2 min and increased to 255℃ and maintained for 10 min. GC Solution software was used for recording chromatogram.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!