The following Candida strains were used in this study: C. albicans (KCTC7965), C. tropicalis var. tropicalis (KCTC17762), C. parapsilosis var. parapsilosis (KACC45480), C. parapsilosis (KACC49573), C. glabrata (KCTC7219), and C. auris (KCTC17809). They were purchased either from KCTC (Korean Collection for Type Cultures; Jeongeup, Republic of Korea) or KACC (Korean Agricultural Culture Collection; Suwon, Republic of Korea). All strains were stored as frozen stock with 20% glycerol at −70 °C. Strains were cultured on YPD containing yeast extract 10 g/L (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), peptone 20 g/L (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 2% D-glucose (w/v) (Daejung, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon, Republic of Korea), and agar 15 g/L (Daejung, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon, Republic of Korea) at 30 °C for 24–48 h [14 (link),19 (link)].
Agar
Manufactured by Daejung Chemicals
Sourced in United States
Agar is a natural polysaccharide obtained from red algae. It is widely used as a gelling agent in microbiological culture media, allowing the growth and isolation of various microorganisms. Agar's ability to solidify at low temperatures and remain stable at high temperatures makes it a versatile and reliable material for laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
D glucose, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Paraquat, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 2 tribromoethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Live dead baclight bacterial viability kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bacto tryptic soy broth, by BD (1 mentions)
Masson s trichrome stain kit, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Mayer s hematoxylin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide nhs, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Tert amyl alcohol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Eosin y solution, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
5 protocols using agar
1
Cultivation of Pathogenic Candida Species
2
Streptococcus mutans KCCM 40105 Growth Protocol
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The bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans KCCM 40105 obtained from the Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (Seoul, Republic of Korea) was used in this experiment. One inoculation loop of the strain was injected into the culture medium of 10 mL Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth after growth in a liquid medium, and subculturing was performed three times at 37 ℃. BMI broth was purchased from Difco (Detroit, MI, USA), and agar was purchased from Daejung (Siheung, Republic of Korea).
3
Lifespan Analysis of Tor Pathway Mutants
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One hundred to 120 female flies were collected from three independent crosses. The following genotypes were examined: Tub-Gal4/+, UAS-DTor-cDNA/+; Tub-Gal4/Tb, Tub-Gal4/pWIZ-DTor-RNAi, and Tub-Gal4/UAS-HTor1AWT. Adult flies were tested on a sucrose food (1% agar, 5% sucrose, DaeJung Chemicals & Metals Co. Ltd.) containing 1% H2O2 (Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) or 10 mM paraquat (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The number of live flies was counted every 24 hours. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to obtain hazardous ratios and p values using R (http://www.r-project.org/ ) as previously described [13 (link)].
4
Fabrication and Characterization of PLGA Microspheres
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Poly(d ,l -lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, lactide/glycolide = 50/50, molecular weight (MW): 1728 Da, acid end cap) was purchased from PolySciTech (AP037, Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, IN, USA). Glutathione (GSH, reduced form), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), Mayer’s hematoxylin, tert-amyl alcohol, 2,2,2-tribromoethanol, and sodium nitrite were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bacto™ tryptic soy broth (TSB) was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Agar, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), and eosin-Y solution were purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals (Siheung, Korea). A Twort’s Gram stain set was purchased from Newcomer Supply (Middleton, WI, USA). Masson’s trichrome stain kit was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ bacterial viability kit was procured from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other reagents and solvents were of the highest analytical grade commercially available.
5
Bacterial Strain Cultivation and Fermentation
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B. licheniformis PR2, a bacterial strain used in this study, was obtained from Purne Inc. (Jangseong, Jeonnam Province, Korea). It was originally isolated from a land cultivated with pepper. These bacteria were subcultured in 30 g/L tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium (Daejung Chemicals, Siheung, Korea), mixed with 20 g/L agar (Daejung Chemicals), and 1 L distilled water, and incubated at 30 • C for 3 days. Then, a single colony from the fresh culture medium was pre-inoculated into TSB (TSB, 30 g/L; distilled water, 1 L) and cultured for 3 days. Thereafter, 100 µL of a pre-inoculated B. licheniformis PR2 culture (10 7 colonyforming unit (CFU)/mL) was inoculated into 100 mL pink casitone (PC) broth containing 3 g/L of fertilizer (Purne), 0.2 g/L of MgSO 4 •7H 2 O (Shimakyu's Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan), 0.2 g/L of KH 2 PO 4 (Daejung Chemicals), 0.1 g/L of NaCl (Daejung Chemicals), 3 g/L of sucrose (Beksul, CJ CheilJedang, Incheon, Korea), 0.6 g/L of chitin powder (Purne), 0.6 g/L of yeast extract (Daejung Chemicals), 3 g/L of pancreatic digest of casein (Neogen, Lansing, MI, USA), and 1 L of distilled water. This mixture was stirred at 130 rpm at 30 • C for 10 days. The culture was collected daily and each collected sample was inoculated onto a PC agar medium to count CFUs.
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