The following reagent grade or greater chemicals were used: concentrated hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride hexahydrate, trolox, and 2,4,6‐tris(2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (TPTZ) from Sigma Aldrich; ACS certified grade ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, glacial acetic acid, molecular biology grade ethanol (200 proof), and DPPH from Fisher Scientific; sodium acetate trihydrate (≥99%) from Avantor; gallic acid monohydrate from Acros Organics; Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent from Merck; sodium carbonate monohydrate from J. T. Baker Chemical; and ultrapure water produced on‐site. Nitrogen, 99.998% and helium, 99.999% were from Praxair. Chemicals were used without further purification. All chemicals originated from the United States.
Sodium acetate trihydrate
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in Belgium, United States
Sodium acetate trihydrate is a crystalline compound with the chemical formula CH3COONa·3H2O. It is a common salt used in various laboratory applications and industrial processes. The primary function of sodium acetate trihydrate is to serve as a buffer solution for maintaining a specific pH range in chemical reactions and analytical procedures.
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Lab products found in correlation
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Avantor (3 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Ferric chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gallic acid monohydrate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Boric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by ITW Reagents (2 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Concentrated hydrochloric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Molecular biology grade ethanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Helium, by Linde (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
19 protocols using sodium acetate trihydrate
1
Comprehensive Antioxidant Capacity Assay
2
Curcumin Extraction and Characterization
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The curcumin sample (derived from Curcuma longa, assayed for a curcuminoid content of ≥65%), the reference standard of curcumin (purity > 99.5%), potassium bromide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, 2,4,6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, neocuproine, potassium persulfate, and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were acquired from Merck (Warsaw, Poland). An analytical amount of ammonium acetate, weighed, along with hydrochloric acid 0.1 N and methanol, was supplied by Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Copper (II) chloride dihydrate, acetic acid (99.5%), ethanol (96%), sodium acetate trihydrate, glacial acetic acid, and formic acid were supplied by Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). Acetonitrile of an HPLC grade was supplied by Romil (Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, UK). High-quality pure water was prepared using a Direct-Q 3 UV purification system (Millipore, Molsheim, France, model Exil SA 67120).
3
Antioxidant Capacity Measurement Protocols
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The following reagent grade or greater chemicals were used for the FRAP assay and the TPC assay: concentrated hydrochloric acid, ferric chloride hexahydrate, HPLC grade ethanol, and 2,4,6‐Tris(2‐pyridyl)‐s‐triazine (TPTZ) from Sigma Aldrich; ACS certified grade Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and glacial acetic acid from Fisher Scientific; Sodium acetate trihydrate (≥99%) from Avantor; Gallic acid monohydrate from Acros Organics; Folin‐Ciocalteu reagent from Merck; Sodium carbonate monohydrate from J. T. Baker Chemical and Ultrapure water from Cayman Chemical Company. Ethanol that was used for the extraction was 95% pure and denatured with 5% wood spirit. Nitrogen (99.998%) and helium (99.999%) were from Praxair. Chemicals were used without further purification. All chemicals originated from the United States.
4
Benzoic Acid Synthesis Reagents
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High-purity grade benzoic acid (C6H5COOH, BA, 99.6%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Belgium). Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2, NB, 99%) and silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Acetonitrile (CH3CN, 99.9%), ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, 99%), tert-butanol ((CH3)3COH, 99.5%), methanol (CH3OH, UHPLC grade), nitric acid (HNO3, 70%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, pure), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, reagent grade), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, 99.5%), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99%) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%) were acquired from Acros Organics (Belgium). Acetic acid (CH3COOH, ≥99.9%), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85%), potassium iodide (KI, ≥99.5%) and sodium acetate trihydrate (NaCH3COO·3H2O, ≥99%) were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Belgium). Potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate (K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O, ≥98%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Germany). Working solutions were prepared with Milli-Q water purified using a Milli-Q®-Reference system (18 MΩ cm) from Merck (Germany).
5
Glycoprotein Characterization Protocol
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Vacuette® 9 mL tubes without additives were obtained from Greiner Bio-One International GmbH (Kremsmünster, Kirchdorf an der Krems District, Austria). LC-MS grade methanol, acetonitrile (ACN) and formic acid (FA), HPLC grade absolute ethanol, chloroform and ammonia (32%), analytical grade ortho-boric acid, and sodium acetate trihydrate were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane (bis-tris propane) (98+%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein from human plasma (≥99%), molecular biology grade K2HPO4, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ß-mercaptoethanol (ß-ME), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium cyanoborohydride (95%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Fractogel TMEA-650 (M) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). AA (≥99%) and molecular biology grade NaCl were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). Peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany). Sephadex G-25 Superfine gel was purchased from GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA). Water of Milli-Q (MQ) purity prepared by Simplicity® Water Purification System (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) was used.
6
Quantification of Phytochemicals in Botanical Extracts
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Folin–Ciocalteu reagent; catechin; gallic acid; oleanolic acid; vanillin; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH); chlorogenic acid; caffeic acid; 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). Methanol was purchased from Honeywell (Hamburg, Germany). Sodium acetate trihydrate and 70% perchloric acid were purchased from V.W.R. (Leuven, Belgium). Ferric chloride, sodium carbonate, and acetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Carlo Erba (Val-de-Reuil, France). Formic acid and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solvents (acetonitrile and Methanol) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Merelbeke, Belgium).
7
Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enzyme Catalysis
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The following reagents were used in the applied synthetic procedures: tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4, Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, cat. no. 8.00658 98%, Stockholm, Sweden); iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, cat. no. 380024 97%, Stockholm, Sweden); iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, cat. no. 31232-M 98, Stockholm, Sweden); sodium acetate tri-hydrate (VWR International AB, product: 27652.232, Stockholm, Sweden); glacial acetic acid (Scharlau, HPLC grade, Barcelona, Spain); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 36% in water, Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden); acetaminophen (Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, powder 98.0–102.0%, Stockholm, Sweden); diclofenac sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, product number: D6899, Stockholm, Sweden); ethanol (96%); 0.1 M HCl; 0.1 M NaOH; 0.06 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0); horseradish peroxidase, (Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, lyophilized, powder, beige, ~150 U/mg, Stockholm, Sweden); lignin peroxidase (Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, powder, slightly beige, >0.1 U/mg, Stockholm, Sweden); ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), Sigma-Aldrich Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden).
8
Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids
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Enrofloxacin (CAS no. 93106-60-6), flumequine (CAS no. 42835-25-6), boric acid (CAS no. 10043-35-3; ≥ 99.8% purity) and phosphoric acid solution (85 wt. % in water) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). DL-Tryptophan (CAS no. 54-12-6; 98% purity), DL-Tyrosine (CAS no. 556-03-6; 99% purity) and 7-amino-4methylcoumarin (coumarin 120, CAS no. 26093-31-2; 98% purity) were from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Glacial acetic acid (CAS no. 64-19-7; HPLC grade) and sodium hydroxide (CAS no. 1310-73-2; pellets) were obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Sodium acetate trihydrate (CAS no. 6131-90-4) was from VWR International, LLC (Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA). Ammonium hydroxide (CAS no. 1336-21-6) was obtained from Merck (Darmstad, Germany).
Deionised water was obtained by using the Milli-Q gradient A10 water purification system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
Deionised water was obtained by using the Milli-Q gradient A10 water purification system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
9
Optimized Hop Resin Extract Protocol
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Sodium acetate trihydrate was purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA) and 200 proof ethanol from Decon Labs, Inc. (King of Prussia, PA, USA). Pilsen dry malt extract (DME) was purchased from Briess Malt & Ingredients (Chilton, WI, USA), Cascade HopShot hop resin from Northern Brewer (Roseville, MN, USA), and 1056 American Ale yeast from Wyeast (Hood River, OR, USA). Sodium azide was obtained from Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Dublin, Ireland). Nitric acid was purchased from J.T. Baker Chemical Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) and was twice-distilled in two Savillex DST-1000 acid purification systems (Savillex, Eden Prairie, MN, USA) prior to use. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4-MMP) were purchased from MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA). Hydrogen peroxide for trace metal analysis was obtained from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). Ultra-high purity argon (99.999%), nitrogen (99.995%), and carbon dioxide (99.5%) were supplied by Penn State General Stores (University Park, PA, USA). All hops were grown at Penn State's Russell E. Larson Research Farm (Pennsylvania Furnace, PA, USA) in 2018 and 2019.
10
Whey Protein Characterization and CML Analysis
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A commercial whey protein (WP) powder was obtained from a confidential source. The protein content of the WP powder was 911 g.kg -1 , as determined by the Kjeldahl method using 6.38 as the conversion factor. Approximately 82% of this protein was WP and around 18% was casein, as a mix of αs1, αs2, β and κ caseins, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Supplementary Fig. S1).
Both carboxymethyllysine (CML) and (D2)-CML were provided by PolyPeptide Laboratories France SAS (Strasbourg, France) . Lithium buffers at pH 2.20, pH 2.80, pH 3.00, pH 3.15, pH 3.50 and pH 3.55 and ninhydrin reagent (EZ Nin reagent) were obtained from Biochrom Ltd (Cambridge, UK). Potassium acetate, α-Lactose monohydrate (4-O-β-Dgalactopyranosyl-α-D-glucose), amino acid standards, nonafluoropentanoic acid (NFPA) 97%, hydrochloric acid (HCl) 37%, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), sodium hydroxide, sodium borohydride and boric acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Acetonitrile, glacial acetic acid, and sodium acetate trihydrate were obtained from VWR international (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). βlactoglobulin (β-Lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-lac) were obtained from Davisco Foods International Inc. (Le Sueur, MN, USA).
Both carboxymethyllysine (CML) and (D2)-CML were provided by PolyPeptide Laboratories France SAS (Strasbourg, France) . Lithium buffers at pH 2.20, pH 2.80, pH 3.00, pH 3.15, pH 3.50 and pH 3.55 and ninhydrin reagent (EZ Nin reagent) were obtained from Biochrom Ltd (Cambridge, UK). Potassium acetate, α-Lactose monohydrate (4-O-β-Dgalactopyranosyl-α-D-glucose), amino acid standards, nonafluoropentanoic acid (NFPA) 97%, hydrochloric acid (HCl) 37%, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), sodium hydroxide, sodium borohydride and boric acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Acetonitrile, glacial acetic acid, and sodium acetate trihydrate were obtained from VWR international (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). βlactoglobulin (β-Lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-lac) were obtained from Davisco Foods International Inc. (Le Sueur, MN, USA).
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