S 4800 scanning electron microscope

The morphology and microstructure of the samples were characterized by a S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a JEOL 2010 field-emission transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystalline structures of the samples were performed on a Rigaku D/Max-2500 X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.1542 nm) in the 2θ range from 5° to 90°. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker Optics TENSOR 27 spectrometer using KBr pellets in the wave-number range of 400–4,000 cm⁻¹.

The morphology of the aerogels was observed by using HITACHI S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM: JEM-1200EX, JEOL, Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out in Escalab 250Xi instrument. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed in a X-ray diffractometer (X'Pert PRO, PANalytical B.V.) with the use of Cu K_α radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) at 4° min⁻¹ scanning speed in the 2θ range from 10–90°. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed on a TA-Q 500 TGA instrument. Samples were pretreated at 100 °C for 30 minutes, and then heated to 1000 °C at a rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ in air. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was recorded on Nicolet 5700 spectrophotometer using KBr pellets containing 1% weight sample in KBr. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements (Quantachrome Instrument Corp) were used to obtain the nitrogen physisorption isotherms at 77 K. Surface areas were evaluated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method from the adsorption branch of the isotherm. The pore size distributions were calculated according to the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) model, and the average pore diameters and cumulative pore volumes were calculated using the desorption branch of the isotherm.

All ILs were purchased from Kekaite Co. (Lanzhou, China). Reagent grade depleted Pr(NO₃)₃ and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) were obtained from Macklin Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The trans-resveratrol was purchased from Solarbio Life Science (Beijing, China). All other chemicals, including hydrazine hydrate, ethylenediamine, H₂O₂ and ethanol, were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
Ultrasound synthesis was assisted by an ultrasonic homogenizer (220 V, 950 W) (Ningbo Scientz Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were performed with a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope, and the morphology and sizes of as-prepared materials were analyzed with JEOL 2100 high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) (JEOL, Japan). An EMGA-920 Oxygen Elemental Analyzer (HORIBA, Japan) was used to determine the oxygen content. The chemical composition of the products was examined with X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS, ESCALAB 250Xi, ThermoFisher). UV-Visible absorption spectra were recorded on a UV-A390 spectrometer (AOE Instruments, Shanghai, China) with 1.0 cm path length.

The morphology and structure of products were measured with a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and JEOL JEM-2010 transmission electron microscope (TEM). High-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and elemental mapping measurements were carried out on a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 microscope, which was built as an accessory on the JEOL JEM-2100F. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained with a Nicolet 520 SXFTIR spectrometer. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and pore size distribution were examined at 77 K using a Micromeritics ASAP 2050 system. The phase purity and crystallinity of the products were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on a Model D/max-rC X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation source (λ = 1.5406 Å) and operating at 40 kV and 100 mA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests were performed on a Thermo VG Scientific ESCALAB 250 spectrometer with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (1486.6 eV photons). The binding energy was trued with respect to C1s at 284.6 eV.