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13 protocols using dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)

1

Antimicrobial Compound Evaluation Protocol

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The LYS, LZD, AMK, CRO/SBT, CTX/SBT, PIP/SBT, DOX, LVX, AK71, IPM, and AZM were supplied by Xiangbei Welman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Hunan, China). The dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, glacial acetic acid, and glycerol were purchased from Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd (Sichuan, China). The crystal violet and MTT thiazolyl were, respectively, offered by Guangdong Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd (Guangdong, China) and Adamas Reagent, Ltd (Shanghai, China). The cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD, MW = 40 kDa), respectively, were purchased from Qingdao Haibo Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Shandong, China) and Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).
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2

Synthesis of Functional Composite Materials

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Sodium chloride (NaCl, >98.0%), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, >98.0%), Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%), Absolute ethanol (99%), Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O), Ammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4), Ammonia, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30), Trypsin and Poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA, 1799) were purchased from Kelong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) (Mw = 275,000) was obtained from Shanghai Maichao Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other reagents used in this work were of analytical grade.
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3

Steam-Exploded Corn Straw Characterization

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Cotton pulp cellulose was purchased from Xinxiang Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. (Xinxiang, China), and dealkaline lignin and chloroform were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. The vinyl acetate (VA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium disodium edetate (EDTACa), hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory. The tetrabutylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (TBAH, 40 wt%) was obtained from Zhenjiang Runjing High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd. (Zhenjiang, China), which was condensed to 50 wt% with a rotary evaporator (40 °C) before use.
The corn straw was collected from the suburb of Chengdu, Sichuan. The corn straw was detected to contain 49.7 wt% cellulose, 29.8 wt% hemicelluloses, 11.6 wt% lignin, 7.1 wt% lipids, and 1.8 wt% ash. It was steam exploded with a self-made machine under the conditions of 2.2 MPa and 30 min of steaming time. After boiling and washing with deionized (DI) water, the product was dried to obtain the steam-exploded corn straw (SEC). The SEC was tested to contain 63.5 wt% cellulose, 2.3 wt% hemicelluloses, 15.6 wt% lignin, 13.9 wt% lipids, and 4.7 wt% ash. A cellulose analyzer (CA, FIWE Advance, Italy) was used to analyze the main components of the raw corn straw and SEC according to the Van Soest method.
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4

Antimicrobial Evaluation of Natural Compounds

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Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, chloramphenicol (Beijing Solarbio Co., Ltd., China); ellagic acid, galic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, quercetin and theophyline (Shanghai Winherb Medical Science Co., Ltd., China); tannin acid (Tianjin Dongliqu Tianda Chemical Co., Ltd., China); ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd., China); sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, chloranil, vanillin, phosphomolybdic acid, sodium tungstate, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd., China); chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, USA).
Muller Hilton Agar (MHA) and nutrient broth (NB) (Qingdao Hope Bio- Technology Co., Ltd., China).
S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), S. paratyphi A, Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Salmonella, L. enteritidis (S. enteritidis) (Microbial Culture Collection Center of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, China).
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5

Surface Modification of Polyester Fabrics

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Polyester fabrics (100% PET; 86 g/cm2) were purchased from the Aotai Textile Sales Company, China. DPOP and VTES were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., China. MTES and OTMS were supplied by Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., China. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was obtained from Tianjin Beichenfangzheng Chemical Co. Ltd., China. Ethanol (AR), butanol, hexanol, acetone, THF, DMSO, TCM, toluene, n-hexane, and PE were supplied by Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co. Ltd., China. All materials were used without further treatment.
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6

Synthesis of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants

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D-α-TOS was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dopamine hydrochloride (DA·HCl) was obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). (2-Aminoethyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP-NH2) was bought from Accela ChemBio Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane - and DMSO were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). mPEG-NH2 was purchased from Shanghai ToYong Bio-Tech. Inc., China.
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7

Multifunctional Nanomedicine Synthesis

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2-Mercaptotethanol, tris-n-butylphosphine (TBP), 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) were purchased from Energy Chemical (China). Propylene sulfide (PS) and Zinc Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) were purchased from TCI (Shanghai Development Co. Ltd). Poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (average Mn 500) was purchased from Merck Life Science (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co. Ltd. DiD dye was purchased from AAT Bioquest (USA). MTT cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kits were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Hoechst 33,258 penicillin and streptomycin sulfate were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, high glucose) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Hyclone (China) and used as received. Ultrapure water was used in all experiments.
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8

Inhibition of α-Glucosidase by Aloe vera

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Aloe vera was purchased from a drug store of Yumintang Chinese Medicine Corporation (Chengdu, China). α-glucosidase (EC.3.2.1.20, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). p-nitrophenyl α-d-glucoside (p-NPG) was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acarbose was purchased from Psaitong (Beijing, China). Ethanol, acetonitrile (ACN), glutaraldehyde aqueous solution (50%, GA), formic acid (FA), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). MEthanol used for HPLC was of high chromatographic grade (JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), and an ultra-purified (UP) water purification (18.25 MΩ) system (Chengdu, China) was used for the HPLC solvent system. All other chemicals, solvents, and reagents were of high analytical grade.
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9

Moso Bamboo Powder Antioxidant Properties

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Moso bamboo powder was collected from Chengdu Shuxiang Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Potato starch and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The spectra/Por® 2 standard RC dry dialysis tube (8–14 kDa) was purchased from Spectrum Laboratories, Inc. (Compton, CA, USA). Choline chloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. (Burlington, MA, USA) Urea, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), HCl solution, KOH solution, and other reagents or solvents were purchased from Kelong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
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10

Optimization of Cellular Imaging Reagents

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O-phenylenediamine (oPD), thiourea, glyceryl trioleate and Erastin were obtained from Aladdin Reagent Co. n-Octano and oleic acid were obtained from macklin, ShangHai. Dioxane, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol and methanol were purchased from Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory Chengdu, Quinine. Sulfate was obtained from Bide Pharmatech Co., Ltd. BODIPY493/503 was obtained from Thermo Fisher. RedDotTM1 came from Biotium. Mito Tracker Red, Lyso-Tracker Red and ER-Tracker Red were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, China. Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), alpha-Modified Eagle Medium and Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) media came from Hyclone (USA). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoli-um bromide) was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology, China. All chemicals were analytical grade and used without any further purification.
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