Tetraethyl orthotitanate c2h5o 4ti

Isophthalaldehyde and 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde were purchased from Acros Organics and 2,2′-bitiophene-5,5′-dicarboxaldehyde from TCI. In addition, 4,4′-Diformyltriphenylamine, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), activated charcoal, KBr, Bu₄NPF₆ and solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA). The materials used for perovskite solar cells were surfactant, fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass slides (FTOs, 7 Ω/sq, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), ethanol (EtOH, POCH), hydrochloric acid (HCl, CHEMPUR), tetraethyl orthotitanate ((C₂H₅O)₄Ti, Merck), paste Ti-Nanoxide T/SP (Solaronix), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, Sigma-Aldrich), isopropanol (IPA, POCH), lead iodide (PbI₂, Sigma-Aldrich), methylammonium iodide (MAI, Solaronix) and chlorobenzene (C₆H₅Cl, POCH). Additionaly, 4-Tert-butyl pyridine (TBP) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck). Materials used for prototype OFET devices were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck) and Ossila. Furthermore, 2,5-Diamino-thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (DAT) was synthesized according to publication [31 (link)].

9H-Carbazole (1), 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxetane, 4-(diphenylamino)phenylboronic acid, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-boronic acid pinacol ester, naphthalene-1-boronic acid, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂), K₂CO₃, KOH, KI, KIO₃, tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS), Na₂SO₄ and solvents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and used as received. Materials used for prepared perovskites solar cells: fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass slides (FTOs, 7 Ω/sq, Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethyl orthotitanate ((C₂H₅O)₄Ti, Merck), hydrochloric acid (HCl, CHEMPUR), anhydrous ethanol (EtOH, POCH), paste Ti-Nanoxide T/SP (Solaronix), methylammonium iodide (MAI, Solaronix), isopropanol (IPA, POCH), chlorobenzene (C₆H₅Cl, POCH). Lead iodide (PbI₂), anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI), 4-tert-butyl pyridine (TBP). All were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 3-Iodo-9H-carbazole (2) was synthesized according to the procedure described in the literature [14 ].