Gastrodin

Aβ_1-42 (Shanghai GL Bio-Chem Ltd.) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP, Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd.) were used to synthesize Aβ oligomers. The formula consists of Gastrodia elata Blume, Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L., Morus alba Linn., Lycium barbarum L, Ginkgo biloba, Rhodiola rosea, and Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. The herbs were purchased from Beijing Tongrentang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from Hyclone (United States). Penicillin, streptomycin, and trypsin were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (China). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Solarbio Life Sciences (China), and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was bought from Sigma (United States). Amyloid beta A4 rabbit antibody (Catalog No: A17911) and GSK3β rabbit antibody (Catalog No: A11731) were purchased from Wuhan ABclonal Biotech Co., Ltd. The standard products of salidroside, umbelliferone, gastrodin, and nicotinamide were purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China). Acetonitrile and methanol were supplied by Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid of chromatographic grade was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was prepared by a water purification system (Milli-Q Integral 5). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Gastrodin was provided by Shanghai Yuanye Bio Technology Co., Ltd. (purity ≥98%, Shanghai, China). Antibodies against CaM (cat no. ab2860), AT1R (cat no. ab124505), rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor^® 647; cat. no. ab150079) and Ang II were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Fluo-4/AM and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay reagent kits were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Antibodies against MLCK (cat. no. 48846), p-MLC₂ (cat. no. 11114) and α-SMA (cat. no. 40482) were purchased from Signalway Antibody LLC (Greenbelt, MD). Cell Counting Kit-8 (cat. no. ktc011001) and antibody against GAPDH (cat. no. Abp57259) were obtained from Abbkine Scientific (Wuhan, China). Antibody against MLC₂ (cat. no. 3672s) and rabbit secondary antibody (cat. no. 7074) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Antigen repair solution (cat. no. MVS-0066), ultra-sensitive™ SP (mouse/rabbit) immunohistochemistry (IHC) kits (cat. no. KIT-9720) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate kits (cat. no. DAB-0031) were purchased from Maixin Biotechnology (Fuzhou, China).

The fused silica capillary, with dimensions of 75 μm i.d. (375 μm o.d.) × 60.2 cm (50.0 cm to detection window), was purchased from Yongnian Reafine Chromatogram Equipment Co., Ltd. (Yongnian, China) and used for IMER fabrication and CE separation. AChE (220 U/mg), acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh, ≥98.0%), and donepezil hydrochloride (≥98.0%) were all purchased from Macklin Biochemical Technology Ltd. Co. (Shanghai, China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA, ≥98.0%) was purchased from Aladdin Reagents (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hexadimethrine bromide (HDB, ≥94.0%) was obtained from Sigma-Aladdin Chemical Co. (Shanghai, China). Concanavalin A (Con A) was from Baisha Biotechnology Co. (Anhui, China). Salvianolic acid B and Gastrodin were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). All the reagents were of analytical grade, and deionized water was used throughout all the experiments. All solutions were prepared in deionized (DI) water. All the solutions were stored in the refrigerator at 4 °C and filtered with 0.45 μm pore membrane filters prior to use.