Analytical-grade methanol and n-hexane for extractions were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Ultrapure water (18 MΩ) was prepared by a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). methanol (MeOH), water, and formic acid with LC-MS grade were supplied by Romil (Cambridge, UK). Reference standards (>98% HPLC grade) apigenin, luteolin, rutin, coumarin, eriocitrin, isorhamnetin, hesperetin, naringenin, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Standard stock solutions (1 mg mL−1) of each compound were prepared in methanol and stored at 4 °C. Diluted solutions and standard mixtures were prepared in MeOH/H2O·2:8 (v/v).
2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonate abts
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) is a stable free radical compound commonly used as a redox indicator in various analytical and biochemical applications. It serves as a substrate for enzymes, such as peroxidases, and can be used to measure their activity. The ABTS•+ radical cation exhibits a characteristic absorption spectrum, which can be utilized for colorimetric detection and quantification purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Eriocitrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hesperetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl dpph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Coumarin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde solution 25, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenolic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium pyruvate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Leibovitz s l 15 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 amidinopropane dihydrochloride aaph, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Z devd fmk, by Abcam (1 mentions)
8 protocols using 2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonate abts
1
Analytical Characterization of Natural Compounds
2
Laccase-based Dye Decolorization Protocol
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The extracellular laccase of P. variabile, designated as PvL, was purified from the culture broth of cultivated fungus using the method described by Forootanfar et al. [8 (link)] and used as enzyme source in the present study. CPC-silica beads pre-silanized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), glutaraldehyde solution (25%), and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) was provided by Merck Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). Two synthetic dyes, Acid Blue 25 (AB25) and Acid Orange 7 (AO7) (Table 1 ), were obtained from Alvan Sabet Co. (Tehran, Iran). All other reagents and chemicals were of the highest purity available.
3
Apoptosis Induction in Cancer Cells
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Phenolic acids, flavonoids, Folin & Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, Trolox, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate) (ABTS), sodium bicarbonate, MTT dye [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,2′-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). Leibovitz’s L-15 medium, Ham’s F-12K medium, RPMI-1640 medium, minimum essential medium, fetal bovine serum, nonessential amino acids, sodium pyruvate, and an antibiotic mixture (penicillin–streptomycin) were purchased from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti-Fas, Anti-FasL, anti-p53, anti-Bax, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bak, anti-Bad, anti-tBid, anti-caspase-8, anti-caspase-9, anti-caspase-3, anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (anti-PARP), and anti-β-actin antibodies; a caspase-3/CPP32 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK); and a caspase-9/Mch6 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) were purchased from the BioVision (Mountain View, CA, USA). All other chemicals were reagent grade or better.
4
Enzymatic Oxidation Assay Protocol
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Hydrogen peroxide, hemin, oxidized glutathione, ampicillin, isopropyl-b-d -thiogalactopyranoside, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), guanidine hydrochloride, dibasic potassium phosphate, citric acid, trizma hydrochloride, and guaiacol used in this study were purchased from the Sigma Chemical Co., South Korea and were used without any further purification. Veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (VE dimer) at 97% purity was obtained from AstaTech Inc., USA.
5
Isolation and Characterization of Sa from Usnea
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Sa was previously isolated from Usnea subfloridana Stirton18 (link) and Usnea laevis Nyl.19 (link) in good yields and reported by our group. STZ was obtained from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India) and amylase HR reagent was obtained from Pro Lab Marketing Pvt. Ltd. (New Delhi, India). Recombinant human (rH) AR, rH DPP-IV, LIP from porcine pancreas, α-Amy from porcine pancreas, α-Glu from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+·) and intestinal acetone powders from rats were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Mumbai, India). Sildenafil citrate and rat feed were procured from Sun Pharma Ltd. (Mumbai, India) and Hindustan Lever Ltd. (Mumbai, India), respectively. All other chemicals used in the present study were at analytical grade.
6
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Antioxidant Assays
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Flavourzyme® (protease from Aspergillus oryzae) was from Sigma-Merck (Dublin, Ireland) and Prolyve® 1000 (protease from Bacillus licheniformis) was kindly provided by Lyven Enzyme Industrielles (Caen, France). Trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) was from Fisher Scientific (Dublin, Ireland). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and water were from VWR International (Dublin, Ireland). Leucine, gallic acid, Trolox, 2,2’-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide (AAPH), fluorescein, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), L-Leucine, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS·+), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR), sodium hypochlorite solution (with 4% available chlorine), and all other reagents were supplied by Sigma-Merck.
7
Colorimetric Peroxidase Activity Assay
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The peroxidase solution used in the experiments was prepared from a commercial preparation purchased from Sigma (Cat. #6782). The 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) substrate was purchased from Sigma. Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (Na2HPO4), citric acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were all of an analytical or higher-purity grade and were purchased from Reakhim (Moscow, Russia). Dulbecco’s modified phosphate-buffered saline (PBSD) was prepared by dissolving a salt mixture, commercially available from Pierce, in ultrapure water. All the solutions used in our experiments were prepared using deionized ultrapure water (with 18.2 MΩ×cm resistivity), obtained with a Simplicity UV system (Millipore, Molsheim, France).
8
Sesame Seed Phytochemicals Extraction
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Sesame seeds were obtained from a local supermarket. STG, SDG, SMG and Sesaminol were prepared in laboratory. Sesamin, sesamolin, sesamol, asarinin, paulownin, cellulase (0.7 U/mg) , β-glucanase (2.0 U/mg) , β-glucosidase (2.0 U/ mg) , β-galactosidase (8.0 U/mg) , 2,2 -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) ( ABTS) , 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and methanol of HPLC grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) . Methylophiopogonanone A and methylophiopogonone A were obtained from Chengdu Prifa Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China) . Without additional statements, all other chemicals were purchased from Sinochem (Shanghai, China) .
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