Positive control ascorbic acid

Anemopsis californica (AC) leaf powder was purchased from Ecuadorian Rainforest, LLC (Clifton, NJ, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin–streptomycin were supplied by Gibco RBL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Standard tannic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, positive control ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and tacrolimus, as well as 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). An ELISA kit for procollagen type 1 was purchased from Takara (procollagen type 1 C-Peptide ELISA Kit; Takara Bio, Otsu, Japan). Human total MMP-1 and human total MMP-3 ELISA kits were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Organic solvents were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Seoul, Korea) and Daejung Chemical & Metal (Siheung, Korea). Inorganic salts were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Silica gel was purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). The primary and secondary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (Hercules, CA, USA).

Damiana leaves powder was purchased from Ecuadorian Rainforest, LLC (Clifton, NJ, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin were supplied by Gibco RBL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Standard apigenin, positive control ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human Total MMP-1 and Human Total MMP-3 ELISA kits were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Organic solvents were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Seoul, Korea) and Daejung Chemical & Metal (Siheung, Korea). Inorganic salts were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Silica gel was purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). The primary and secondary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (Hercules, CA, USA).