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Oxymax

Manufactured by Columbus Instruments
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The Oxymax is a compact laboratory instrument designed to measure oxygen consumption. It accurately determines the oxygen content of gas samples, providing essential data for researchers and scientists.

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Lab products found in correlation

Comprehensive lab animal monitoring system, by Columbus Instruments (3 mentions) Bp 2000 analysis system, by Visitech (3 mentions) Cl316 243, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Oxymax clams, by Columbus Instruments (2 mentions) Comprehensive lab animal monitoring system clams, by Columbus Instruments (2 mentions) Oxymax chamber, by Columbus Instruments (2 mentions) Live mice analyzer lf50, by Bruker (1 mentions) Ultra sensitive mouse insulin elisa kit, by Crystal Chem (1 mentions) Freestyle lite, by Abbott (1 mentions) Regular insulin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rectal probe, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions) Labchart, by ADInstruments (1 mentions) Clams hc comprehensive lab animal monitoring system, by Columbus Instruments (1 mentions) D10001, by Research Diets (1 mentions) Nefa kit, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Total cholesterol e kit, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Infinity tg kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Elisa kit, by Mercodia (1 mentions) Echomri, by Echo Medical Systems (1 mentions) Clax software, by Columbus Instruments (1 mentions)

120 protocols using oxymax

1

High-Fat Diet and Metabolic Intervention

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All male C57BL/6J (Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute of Nanjing University, N000013) at 5 weeks of age were housed with constant temperature (22 ± 2 °C) and humidity (40-60%) as well as 12 h light/dark cycle. The mice had free access to diet and water except for indicated fasting conditions. Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed with normal chow diet (NCD), HFD, HFD+BBR and HFD+ROT (n = 10), respectively. NCD and HFD were both purchased from Trophic Animal Feed High-tech Co., Ltd. (China), in which 10% and 60.9% of calories were from fat, respectively. BBR (A600129, Sangon) and ROT (R8875, Sigma) were blended into the HFD at 1.4 g/kg and 0.075 g/kg, respectively. The diet was stored in a -20 °C freezer until use. The cages and food were changed every three days. RER and heat were accessed by Oxymax indirect calorimetry system (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (GE PIXImus1) was used to measure body composition. After 5 months of feeding, animals were sacrificed with 1% sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (10 µl/g) and tissues were collected with liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until use. Meanwhile, liver tissues were put in 4% paraformaldehyde to perform HE and oil red staining.
Yu M., Alimujiang M., Hu L., Liu F., Bao Y, & Yin J. (2021). Berberine alleviates lipid metabolism disorders via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in gut and liver. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 17(7), 1693-1707.
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2

Measuring Circadian Metabolic Profiles

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Oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), energy expenditure and ambulatory activity were measured using the Oxymax indirect calorimetry system (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH).8 (link),32 (link),36 (link) Briefly, mice were individually housed in one of four Oxymax chambers starting at 4 pm of the first day, and after a 4-hour acclimation period, mouse VO2, RER, energy expenditure and activity were measured over 10-minute increments for two full 12-hour dark cycles and one full 12-hour light cycle.
Circadian locomotor activity was measured using a San Diego Instruments cage rack Photobeam Activity System (PAS-Home Cage, San Diego Instruments, San Diego, CA); the circadian chambers measured 48.2 cm x 26.5 cm and allowed free access to food and water. Over 27 days, mice were tested over 22 full 12-hour dark cycles and 19 full 12-hour light cycles. Activity was recorded in one-hour intervals throughout testing. Total activity for each 12-hour cycle was calculated, and effect of genotype was determined for each dark and light cycle.
Powell D.R., Doree D.D., DaCosta C.M., Platt K.A., Brommage R., Buhring L., Revelli J.P, & Shadoan M.K. (2022). Mice Lacking Gpr75 are Hypophagic and Thin. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 15, 45-58.
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3

Measuring Oxygen Consumption in Mice

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Mice were subjected to oxygen consumption measurements using a computer-controlled open-circuit indirect calorimeter (Oxymax; Columbus Instruments, USA), and the data were analyzed using Oxymax Windows software47 (link).
Sakamoto S., Miyaji T., Hiasa M., Ichikawa R., Uematsu A., Iwatsuki K., Shibata A., Uneyama H., Takayanagi R., Yamamoto A., Omote H., Nomura M, & Moriyama Y. (2014). Impairment of vesicular ATP release affects glucose metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity. Scientific Reports, 4, 6689.
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4

Metabolic rate and activity analysis

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Oxygen consumption (vO2) and carbon dioxide production (vCO2) were measured using a CLAMS open circuit calorimetry system (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). Energy expenditure (Kcal/h) was calculated: (3.815+1.232RER)×vO2, where RER is the respiratory exchange ratio [volume of CO2 produced per volume of O2 consumed (both ml/kg/min)] and vO2 is the volume of O2 consumed per h per kg mass of the animal. The value of energy expenditure was correlated to individual body weights. Horizontal spontaneous locomotor activity was measured continuously in the CLAMS system.
Lelliott C.J., Ahnmark A., Admyre T., Ahlstedt I., Irving L., Keyes F., Patterson L., Mumphrey M.B., Bjursell M., Gorman T., Bohlooly-Y M., Buchanan A., Harrison P., Vaughan T., Berthoud H.R, & Lindén D. (2014). Monoclonal Antibody Targeting of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1c Ameliorates Obesity and Glucose Intolerance via Central Mechanisms. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e112109.
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5

Metabolic and Body Composition Analysis in Mice

Cited 2 times
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The research conducted conformed to the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Amendment Regulations 2012 following ethical review approved by the University of Cambridge Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB). The study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines. The mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation immediately followed by exsanguination in accordance to the code of Practice for the Humane Killing of Animals under Schedule 1 to the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Enzymatic assay kits were used for determination of serum free fatty acid, triglyceride and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and ELISA kits were used for the measurement of serum insulin, leptin and adiponectin levels, as previously described50 (link). Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured using an open circuit calorimetry system (Oxymax; Columbus Instruments International, Columbus, OH). Measurements of VO2 and VCO2 and calculation of RER and EE were as described previously50 (link). Body fat mass and lean mass measured by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) by using a minispec Live Mice Analyzer LF50 (Bruker). Glucose tolerance tests and glucose measurements were carried out as previously described51 (link).
Ng M.Y., Song Z.J., Venkatesan G., Rodriguez-Cuenca S., West J.A., Yang S., Tan C.H., Ho P.C., Griffin J.L., Vidal-Puig A., Bassetto M, & Hagen T. (2024). Conjugating uncoupler compounds with hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains to achieve adipose tissue selective drug accumulation. Scientific Reports, 14, 4932.
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6

Melatonin Effects on Energy Metabolism

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Following 3 weeks of melatonin treatment, mice were placed in individual calorimetry chambers (Oxymax; Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA) to determine energy metabolism before body weight differences appeared. Daily food intake, body weight, and calorimetry were recorded during the 3-day acclimation and 2-day experimental periods. For the experimental period, oxygen consumed (VO2) and carbon dioxide produced (VCO2) were assessed, and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER, VCO2 / VO2), and energy expenditure (VO2 × [3.815 + (1.232 × RER)]) were determined.
Xu L., Li D., Li H., Zhang O., Huang Y., Shao H., Wang Y., Cai S., Zhu Y., Jin S, & Ding C. (2022). Suppression of obesity by melatonin through increasing energy expenditure and accelerating lipolysis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutrition & Diabetes, 12, 42.
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7

Metabolic Rate and Locomotor Activity

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Oxygen consumption (vO2) and carbon dioxide production (vCO2) were measured using a CLAMS open circuit calorimetry system (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA). The mice were placed in calorimeter chambers with ad libitum access to water and regular mouse chow (before the HFD study start) or HFD for 72 h. Energy expenditure (Kcal/h) was calculated: (3.815 + 1.232 RER) × vO2, where RER is the respiratory exchange ratio [volume of CO2 produced per volume of O2 consumed (both ml/kg/min)] and vO2 is the volume of O2 consumed per h per kg mass of the animal. The value of energy expenditure was correlated to individual lean body mass. Horizontal spontaneous locomotor activity was measured continuously in the CLAMS system. Data analysis was performed using CLAMS (Columbus Instruments) and Spotfire (TIBCO, MA, USA) software.
Larsson M.H., Håkansson P., Jansen F.P., Magnell K, & Brodin P. (2015). Ablation of TRPM5 in Mice Results in Reduced Body Weight Gain and Improved Glucose Tolerance and Protects from Excessive Consumption of Sweet Palatable Food when Fed High Caloric Diets. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0138373.
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8

Metabolic Assessment in Mice

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Mice were single-housed in an OxyMax Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, Ohio) for 24 hours. Mice were acclimated to the CLAMS cages for 24 hours before measurements commenced. Fat mass and adiposity were measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For glucose tolerance tests, mice were fasted overnight for 14–16 hours and injected with 2 g/kg D-glucose by i.p. injection. Blood glucose values were measured just prior to injection (time 0) and at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min post-injection. For insulin tolerance tests, mice were fasted for 4–6h and then injected with bovine insulin (0.5 U/kg). Blood glucose values were measured just prior to injection (time 0) and at 20, 40 and 60 min post-injection. To measure fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations, mice were fasted overnight for 14–16 hours, and blood glucose values were measured followed by collection of approximately 20–30 μL blood for serum insulin concentration determination using the Ultra Sensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA Kit (Crystal Chem). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values were calculated as described previously33 (link). All blood glucose measurements were performed using FreeStyle Lite handheld glucometer (Abbot) in duplicate or triplicate.
Brestoff J.R., Kim B.S., Saenz S.A., Stine R.R., Monticelli L.A., Sonnenberg G.F., Thome J.J., Farber D.L., Lutfy K., Seale P, & Artis D. (2014). Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote beiging of adipose and limit obesity. Nature, 519(7542), 242-246.
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9

Indirect Calorimetry for Metabolic Analysis

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Oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were monitored using an indirect calorimeter (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH) in the 100 minutes following the saline or GALP administration. RER was calculated as the molar ratio of VCO2/VO2. In previous studies, the difference in RER value between the GALP and control groups reached a maximum about 100 minutes after administration26 (link), for which reason mice in this study were sacrificed 100 minutes after the GALP or vehicle administration.
Hirako S., Wada N., Kageyama H., Takenoya F., Izumida Y., Kim H., Iizuka Y., Matsumoto A., Okabe M., Kimura A., Suzuki M., Yamanaka S, & Shioda S. (2016). Autonomic nervous system-mediated effects of galanin-like peptide on lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. Scientific Reports, 6, 21481.
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10

Metabolic Assessment in Mice

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Insulin tolerance tests (ITT) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed as previously described [21 (link)]. To determine energy metabolism, mice were placed in automated metabolic cages for 48 h. An assessment of energy expenditure (EE) was obtained via indirect calorimetry in free-moving animals housed in individual cages consisting of an indirect open circuit calorimeter that provides measures of O2 consumption and CO2 production (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments, Ohio). The ambulatory activity was assessed by the breaking of infrared laser beams in the x-y plane. The cages were provided with ad libitum access to food and water throughout the procedure. These procedures were performed by the IBP Phenotyping Core at the University of Minnesota. Calorimetry data were analyzed using Calr [22 (link)]. All metabolic assessments were completed at least 48 h post-exercise.
Fredrickson G., Barrow F., Dietsche K., Parthiban P., Khan S., Robert S., Demirchian M., Rhoades H., Wang H., Adeyi O, & Revelo X.S. (2021). Exercise of high intensity ameliorates hepatic inflammation and the progression of NASH. Molecular Metabolism, 53, 101270.
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