Mc 780ma

The study involved an experimental double-blind crossover randomized trial. The experimental procedure consisted of three visits, separated from each other by 72 h, to achieve the total elimination of any effects caused by the BJ [22 (link)], as well as the optimal recovery of the participants [23 (link)]. The experimental test measurements were taken between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., at the same time of day (±0.5 h) for each individual, to standardize the influence of the circadian rhythm, at a temperature of 24 °C (±1 °C). During the first visit, the participants’ height (Seca 214 portable stadiometer; Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and body composition measured by bioimpedance (Tanita MC-780MA; Tanita Corporation, Japan) were recorded. The manual pressure force (Dynamometer TKK 5101; Takei, Tokyo, Japan) was also determined. In addition, a technique familiarization of the exercises and materials was performed. It was defined as the maximum load the individual was able to lift with the appropriate exercise action. Later, the participants returned to the laboratory a further two times to perform an incremental resistance training test.

The anthropometrics measures were carried out with the participants barefoot and in underwear. The body height was measured with the participants erect and their head in the Francfort´s plane using a stadiometer (Seca 214, Hamburg, Germany), while the body composition was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita MC-780MA, Tanita Corporation, Japan), ensuring standardized conditions for bioelectrical impedance measurement [47 (link)]. The following variables were analyzed: body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (kg), % body fat, body muscle mass (kg) and % body muscle mass.

To evaluate BC, a bioelectric impedance device was used (TANITA MC-780 MA, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). For the measurement, each participant was asked to wear no metallic objects and prior to the evaluation to drink no alcohol for 48 hours, not perform intense exercise for 12 h, not eat or drink (especially caffeine or diuretics) for 4 h, and be sure to urinate immediately before the evaluation [21 (link)]. The variables analyzed were weight, body fat percentage (%BF), and fat-free mass percentage (% FFM).

Body mass was quantified to the nearest gram using a digital scale (Metter Toledo kcc150, Metter Toledo, Leicester, UK), with height measured to the nearest 0.5 cm with a stadiometer (Holtain, Crosswell, UK). Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance (Tanita MC-780MA, TANITA Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
A treadmill-based submaximal exercise test was performed on a treadmill in a regulated environment of 18 °C, 40% RH (Mercury Medical, h/p/cosmos sports & medical Gmbh, Germany). The test involved up to 6 stages lasting 3 min each. The test used a fixed speed of 4.5 km·h⁻¹, while the gradient increased by 5% after each stage. Expired air (V̇O₂) and heart rate were continuously measured indirect calorimetry (Quark CPET, COSMED, Albano Laziale, Rome) and telemetry (Polar PE4000, Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland), respectively. The test was terminated when steady state heart rate reached 85% of age predicted maximum. The V̇O₂ and heart rate data collected during the submaximal treadmill test were extrapolated to estimate V̇O_2max (ACSM, 2013 ).

At follow-up, participants’ weight (kg), fat mass (FM, kg), percentage of total body body fat (%FM), muscle mass (MM, kg), and percentage of total body muscle mass (%MM) were estimated via the bioelectrical impedance body composition analyzer TANITA MC-780MA (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan) [19 (link)]. The latter consists of a stand-alone unit where age, gender, and height of participants are inputted by the operator. During the impedance measurement, participants wear light clothing and must step onto a special platform with bare feet and take the handles with both hands alongside the body. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height² (m). Waist and hip circumferences (cm) measures were collected by trained operators according to a standard international protocol.

An 8-electrodes bioelectrical impedance analysis scale (Tanita MC780MA, Tanita Corporation of America, Inc., Illionis, United States) with software GMON version 3.1.6. was conducted to measure body composition, specifically, fat mass (FM) and free fat mass (FFM). The participants wore light clothing and assumed a standing posture on their bare feet, then wait for the results printed from the device in accordance with the manufactures’ instructions.