Generated sequences and authentic sequences retrieved from GenBank together with the outgroup species were aligned using ClustalX v. 1.8333 (link). Alignments were edited manually where necessary. For phylogenetic analysis a maximum parsimony analysis was performed in PAUP v. 4.0b1032 . The heuristic search option with 1000 random taxa additions and tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) branch-swapping algorithm were used. All characters were unordered and of equal weight. Gaps were treated as missing data. Branches of zero length were collapsed and all multiple, equally parsimonious trees were saved. The robustness of the most parsimonious trees was evaluated by 1000 bootstrap replications34 (link). Other measures used were consistency index (CI), homoplasy index (HI), retention index (RI) and tree length (TL).The generated equally most parsimonious phylogenetic trees were visualized in FigTree v. 1.4.3 (
Illustrator cs2
Illustrator CS2 is a vector graphics editing software that enables users to create and manipulate scalable images. Its core function is to provide a digital canvas for designing and illustrating various types of graphics, logos, illustrations, and artwork.
Lab products found in correlation
56 protocols using illustrator cs2
Phylogenetic Analysis of Sequenced Taxa
Generated sequences and authentic sequences retrieved from GenBank together with the outgroup species were aligned using ClustalX v. 1.8333 (link). Alignments were edited manually where necessary. For phylogenetic analysis a maximum parsimony analysis was performed in PAUP v. 4.0b1032 . The heuristic search option with 1000 random taxa additions and tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) branch-swapping algorithm were used. All characters were unordered and of equal weight. Gaps were treated as missing data. Branches of zero length were collapsed and all multiple, equally parsimonious trees were saved. The robustness of the most parsimonious trees was evaluated by 1000 bootstrap replications34 (link). Other measures used were consistency index (CI), homoplasy index (HI), retention index (RI) and tree length (TL).The generated equally most parsimonious phylogenetic trees were visualized in FigTree v. 1.4.3 (
Consensus Mapping of Maternal Genome
The LPmerge software contains two key parameters that are set by the user: (1) maximum interval size between bins and (2) weights applicable to each map. In our analysis, the maximum interval parameter was set at K = 8, while weights were adjusted based on family sizes due to more progeny providing better resolution. At each LG, the best consensus map was selected using two criteria: (1) minimization of the average root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and (2) map length comparable to the mean of the linkage maps. Final images of LGs were generated using MapChart 2.2 (Voorrips 2002 (link)) before they were exported to Adobe Illustrator CS2 for alignment and vector transformation.
Confocal Microscopy of Organelle Markers
Jurassic Insect Lagerstätten at Daohugou
The specimens studied in this paper were examined and then photographed, either dry or wetted with 95% ethanol, with a Leica DFC450 digital camera attached to a Leica M250 C dissecting microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The line drawings were prepared using Adobe Illustrator CS2 and Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. The wing venation nomenclature used in this article is modified after Rasnitsyn1 2 . The type materials described are deposited in the Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Changes, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, in Beijing, China (CNUB; Dong Ren, Curator). Recent species were examined under the dissecting microscopes and kept in the Museum of Forest Biodiversity, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, in Beijing, China (CAF).
Stylet Outline Reconstruction Protocol
Comprehensive Imaging Techniques for Specimen Documentation
Each image detail was documented as a stack, with the single images of the stack (frames) being recorded in different focal levels in z-axis to overcome limitations in depth of field. The frames of each stack were fused to achieve an entirely sharp image. Several adjacent stacks were recorded in x-y axis to overcome limitations in field of view. All image details were stitched to a final panorama image [24 , 25 (link)].
Additionally, based on the stacks the three-dimensional relief information was extracted (virtual surface). This information is presented as red-cyan stereo anaglyphs [26 (link)].
Drawings of the specimen and of comparative material were prepared in Adobe Illustrator CS2.
Imaging Meiosis I Oocyte Centromeres
Imaging Salivary Glands, Embryos, and Ovaries
Comparative Larval Morphometric Analysis
Live Cell Imaging of GFP-VDR Dynamics
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