1600 ft ir spectrometer

The chemical composition of the prepared materials was established by FTIR spectral analysis. The FTIR spectra were recorded on a double-beam PerkinElmer 1600 FTIR spectrometer. The microstructure of the products was examined with a wide-angle X-ray diffractometer (Brucker’s D-8) using Ni-filtered Cu Ka radiation as an X-ray source. The morphology and elemental composition of the films were investigated with a SEM (COXEM TM200) at 15 kV. The porosity of the films was evaluated by the fluid displacement method [11 ]. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the films with dimensions of 4 × 1 × 0.3 cm³ were measured by the ASTM D882–02 standard.

FT-IR spectra were acquired in KBr discs using 2–5 mg of pure DA, GSE and lyophilized particles obtained after 72 h of a freeze-drying cycle (Lio Pascal 5P, Milan, Italy). Tested samples included plain SLNs, DA-co-GSE SLNs and GSE-ads-DA-SLNs. A Perkin Elmer 1600 FT-IR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Milan, Italy) processed all the spectra (r.t., 4000–400 cm⁻¹ wavenumber range) at a resolution of 1 cm⁻¹ [25 (link),26 (link)].

Optical rotations were acquired using a Kruss Optronic P-8000 polarimeter with a 5 cm cell. UV spectra were recorded in a Varian Cary UV-visible spectrophotometer with a path length of 1 cm, and IR spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 1600 FT-IR spectrometer. Low-resolution LC/MS measurements were performed using the Agilent Technologies 1260 quadrupole and Waters Micromass ZQ LC/MS system using a reversed-phase column (Phenomenex Luna C18 (2) 100 Å, 50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at the National Research Facilities and Equipment Center (NanoBioEnergy Materials Center) at Ewha Womans University. CD spectra were recorded using an Applied Photophysics Chirascan-Plus circular dichroism spectrometer (Applied Photophysics Ltd., Leatherhead, Surrey, UK). ¹H and 2D NMR spectra data were recorded at 400 and 800 MHz in DMSO-d₆ and CDCl₃ solutions containing Me₄Si as an internal standard on Varian Inova spectrometers. ¹³C NMR spectra were acquired at 100 or 200 MHz on a Varian Inova spectrometer. High-resolution EI-MS spectra were acquired using a JEOL JMS-AX505WA mass spectrometer at Seoul National University.

Optical rotations were recorded using a JASCO P-2000 polarimeter with a 1 cm cell. UV spectra were obtained with a Beckman Coulter DU800 spectrophotometer with a path length of 1 cm. IR spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 1600 FT-IR spectrometer. The 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data were obtained on a JEOL 500 NMR spectrometer. X-ray data for 1a were obtained using a Bruker Smart APEX II CCD diffractometer equipped with Cu K_α radiation (λ = 1.54178 Å). The chemical shift values are reported in ppm units and coupling constants are reported in Hz. NMR chemical shifts were referenced to the residual solvent peaks (δ_H 7.16 and δ_C 128.0 for benzend-d₆). High-resolution ESI-TOF mass spectral data were measured on an Agilent 6530 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LCMS spectrometer coupled to an Agilent 1280 LC system with a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (4.6 × 100 mm, 5 µm, flow rate 0.7 mL/min). Preparative HPLC separations were performed using a Shimadzu SCL-10A chromatograph with a Shimadzu SPD-10A UV/Vis detector and a reversed-phase C18 column (Phenomenex Luna, 10.0 × 250 mm, 10 µm) at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min.

The chemicals used were obtained from commercial suppliers (Sigma-Aldrich, Lee on Solent, UK, and Alfa Aesar, Heysham, UK) or prepared from them by the methods described. Ether and tetrahydrofuran were dried over sodium wire and benzophenone under nitrogen, while dichloromethane was dried over calcium hydride. The petroleum spirit (petrol) used had boiling point of 40–60 °C. All reagents and solvents used were of reagent grade unless otherwise stated. Silica gel (Merck 7736) used for column and thin-layer chromatography was obtained from Sigma; separated components were detected variously using UV light, I₂ and phosphomolybdic acid solution in IMS followed by charring. Anhydrous MgSO₄ was used to dry organic solutions. Infrared (IR) spectra were carried out on a Perkin–Elmer 1600 F.T.I.R. spectrometer using liquid films or a KBr disc (solid). NMR spectra were carried out on Bruker Avance 400 or 500 spectrometers. [α]_D values were recorded in CHCl₃ on a POLAAR 2001 optical activity polarimeter. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectra were provided by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council Mass Spectrometry Service in Swansea University.