Negative magnetic bead selection

Example 2

CD14+ monocytes were isolated from human PBMCs using negative magnetic bead selection (Stemcell Technologies) on day 0. Cells were cultured with M-CSF to differentiate monocytes to macrophages. On day 6, cells were treated with L-AP4 (selective group III metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist) (Sigma-Aldrich), at concentrations 1 μM and 10 μM overnight. Supernatant was collected and LEGENDplex™ bead-based immunoassays (Biolegend) were performed to detect for changes in cytokines secreted.

Secretion of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-8, was decreased with the addition of the mGluR8 agonist in M2-like macrophages, consistent across multiple donors, as shown in Table 17 below.

Example 1

CD14+ monocytes were isolated from human PBMCs using negative magnetic bead selection (Stemcell Technologies) on day 0. Cells were cultured two days with M-CSF to differentiate monocytes to macrophages. On day 3, macrophages were polarized to M1-like macrophages with IFNγ and LPS; and M2-like macrophages with IL4, IL10, and TGFβ. Cells were harvested on day 6. The cells were lysed and RNA was extracted using an RNA extraction kit (Qiagen). qPCR was performed using integrated fluidic circuits (IFCs) run on a real-time PCR machine (Fluidigm) with primers specific for CALCR and RAMP1 (Life Technologies). Gene expression was normalized to HPRT1. Expression level was calculated by 2{circumflex over ( )}(−delta CT), where delta CT is (GOI Ct—HPRT Ct).

Gene expression for CALCR in M2-like macrophages and RAMP1 in both M1-like and M2-like macrophages was determined. RAMP1 expression was higher in M2-like macrophages compared to M1-like macrophages, as shown in Table 12 below.

Example 2

CD8+ T-cells were isolated from human PBMCs using negative magnetic bead selection (Stemcell Technologies). Cells stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads (Life Technologies) and were treated with different SERCA inhibitors: thapsigargin (1.5 μM), cyclopiazonic acid (3 μM), and NS-1619 (30-100 μM). All incubations were done overnight. Subsequent activation was measured by cytokine release using intracellular staining flow cytometry of IFNγ and TNFα, using fluorescently labeled antibodies (Biolegend).

Secretion of the inflammatory cytokine, IFNγ, was increased by CD8+ T cells with the addition of each of the different SERCA inhibitors, as shown in Table 17 below.

Example 1

CD14+ monocytes were isolated from human PBMCs using negative magnetic bead selection (Stemcell Technologies) on day 0. Cells were cultured two days with M-CSF to differentiate monocytes to macrophages. On day 3, macrophages were polarized to M1-like macrophages with IFNγ and LPS; and M2-like macrophages with IL4, IL10, and TGF8. Cells were harvested on day 6. The cells were lysed and RNA was extracted using an RNA extraction kit (Qiagen). qPCR was performed using integrated fluidic circuits (IFCs) run on a real-time PCR machine (Fluidigm) with primers specific for HTR2B, HTR2C, and HTR7 (Life Technologies). Gene expression was normalized to HPRT1. Expression level was calculated by 2{circumflex over ( )}(−delta CT), where delta CT is (GOI Ct-HPRT Ct).

Gene expression for HTR2B and HTR7 in M1-like and M2-like macrophages was determined. Both HTR2B and HTR7 expression levels were higher on M1-like macrophages, as shown in Table 17 below.