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26 protocols using dp21 camera

1

Fluorescence Imaging of Nasal Epithelium

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Fluorescence imaging of the nasal epithelium was carried out using an Olympus MVX10 fluorescent macro zoom microscope equipped with a Lumen Dynamics X-Cite 120Q illuminator, the appropriate filter set (Chroma, U-M49008XL) and a Hamamatsu C11440 Orca-flash 2.8 CMOS camera. Images of both treated and control animals were carefully acquired at the same magnification under the same light intensity and exposure time. Images were analyzed at specified regions (Figs 2 and 3a) with ImageJ using a 24 pixel x 24 pixel sampling ellipse (Rasband. http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/, 1997–2015). Brightfield imaging of the nasal epithelium was carried out using an Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope with an Olympus DP21 camera.
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2

Histological Characterization of Synovial Inflammation

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The 4 biopsy pieces fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histology were stored overnight and submitted to the Pathology Core Facility at Northwestern University. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and for CD45 or CD68. Slide images were taken at 40× and 100× magnification using an Olympus BX41 microscope and Olympus DP21 camera. Since not all samples using this procedure demonstrate synovial lining, other characteristics including CD45 and CD68 staining were included to provide a semi-quantitative or -qualitative analysis of inflammation in the biopsied tissue. RA synovial biopsy sections stained for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) or with antibodies to either CD45 or CD68 antigens were scored for percent synovium of all four pieces of tissues. The CD45 and CD68 score was based on a 0-4 modified scoring system which described the percent of CD45 or CD68 positivity in identified synovium (35 (link)). All scoring was performed by an experienced rheumatologist blinded to the identity of the samples.
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3

Histological Assessment of Rodent Brain

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Animals were sacrificed and perfused using 2% paraformaldehyde in PBS, brains were excised and fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde. Fixed brains were sent to the Northwestern University mouse histology and phenotyping laboratory for further processing. Briefly, paraffin-embedded brain sections (4 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), F4/80, Ly6G or CD45. All images were photographed at ×4 using an Olympus BX41 microscope equipped with an Olympus DP21 camera. Slides were used for qualitative and not quantitative purposes; thus they were not scored by a pathologist.
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4

Myeloid Colony Forming Assay

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Myeloid colony forming assays were performed by plating 2 × 104 bone marrow cells, counted after lysis of red cells, in duplicates in methyl cellulose media supplemented with growth factors. Colonies were counted 12 days later. Morphologic bone marrow assessment was done on Wright-Giemsa-stained bone marrow brushings using an Olympus BX46 microscope (40× objective, 400× magnification, aperture 0.75). Photos were acquired with an Olympus DP21 camera and Olympus DP21-CB software (v. 02.01.01.93).
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5

3D Spheroid Imaging and Protein Analysis

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3D spheroids grown in a 96-well plate were captured using the 4x objective (0.1 NA) of Olympus IX71 microscope and DP21 camera (Olympus). The images were analyzed by measuring the diameters of the spheroids using the Olympus CellSens Dimension software (V1.11). Each value represents the average of 3 experiments (n = 3) in each 96 spheroids were measured. The 3D spheroids were lysed individually with RIPA Lysis and Extraction Buffer supplemented with Halt™ Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail and Pierce™ Universal Nuclease for Cell Lysis, sonicated and the total protein concentration determined using a Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Due to the small spheroid size of the D2, D7, and D14 samples, three spheroids were pooled, then the individual values were calculated accordingly. In total, three experiments were performed (n = 3), in which 24 spheroids were analyzed for each timepoint.
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6

Quantification of Cell Death

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Cells (MDF) were harvested, resuspended in 200 μl PBS with propidium iodide (25 μg), and cell death was measured using a Cytomics FC 500 flow cytometry system (Beckman Coulter). Ten thousand cells were analyzed per sample. Phase-contrast images were captured using the Olympus DP21 camera and the 10× magnification objective.
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7

Histological Analysis of Kidney and Spleen

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Spleen and kidney were isolated and fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde. 4-µm paraffin-embedded kidney and spleen sections were stained with periodic acid–Schiff base (PAS), H&E, F4/80, or CD45 as previously described (Hutcheson et al., 2008 (link)). The PAS-stained kidney sections were scored by a pathologist (G.K. Haines) blinded to the study. The kidney scores were determined by the addition of the values from glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and different morphological indexes based on the previous published scoring system (Hill et al., 2000 (link)). Photomicrographs were taken on an Olympus BX41 microscope equipped with an Olympus DP21 camera.
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8

Immunohistochemistry Protocol for H3K27me3 Staining

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Tissue processing, embedding, sectioning, and H&E staining was performed by the MSKCC pathology department. Photographs were taken using an Olympus DP21 camera. Immunohistochemistry was performed on archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors using a standard multimer/DAB detection protocol on a Discovery Ultra system (Ventana Medical Systems) with appropriate negative and positive controls. For H3K27me3 staining, we diluted an anti-trimethyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) antibody (#07-449, Millipore) 1:250 in SignalStain Antibody Diluent (#8112, Cell Signaling).
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9

Nucleoside Effects on Cell Morphology

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The effect of the nucleosides on cell morphology was assessed by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. For phase contrast microscopy, cells were grown in 6 well culture plates (50 000 cells per well), allowed to adhere overnight and then exposed to nucleosides for various time periods. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Cells were observed with an Olympus CKX41 inverted microscope and images were captured with an Olympus DP21 camera. Cell morphology was further evaluated with the Hoechst 33342 (Life Technologies) and acridine orange (Life Technologies) fluorescent dyes. Cells were cultured on heat sterilised glass coverslips and exposed to the test nucleosides at varying concentrations. Using the appropriate filters, cells were observed with an Olympus BX41 epifluorescence microscope. Images were captured with an Olympus DP72 camera and analysed with the Olympus CellSens Software package.
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10

Microscopic Imaging Protocol

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Digital photos and videos were taken at 400× magnification or 200× magnification as listed in figure legends using an Olympus DP21 camera (Tokyo, Japan) connected to an Olympus CKX41 microscope. Videos were filmed at 15 frames per second and saved as .AVI files.
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