Monacolin K, citrinin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (USA), isoliquiritin and isoliquiritigenin from ChemFaces (China), and liquiritin apioside and isoliquiritin apioside from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (China). All HPLC-grade solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific Korea Ltd. (Korea). Extraction solution and methanol were purchased from Samchun Pure Chemical (Korea). Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was purchased from Acumedia Inc.(USA), and glucose from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Korea). Yeast extract-peptone-dextrose and yeast nitrogen base media were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. G. uralensis base media were composed of 2.0 5.0% G. uralensis extracts and 2% glucose. Licorice (G. uralensis) was purchased from a regional market in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. Licorice extracts were prepared by adding 5 L of distilled water to 1.2 kg of licorice, followed by boiling at 95oC for 5 h. The extraction supernatant recovered by filtration with a Whatman filter paper No. 1 (UK) was concentrated to a solid content of 15% using a vacuum evaporator.
Liquiritigenin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Liquiritigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound. It is used as a reference standard in analytical and research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Isoliquiritigenin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Liquiritin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Formononetin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Daidzein, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Biochanin a, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Genistein, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Salicylic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Glycyrrhizic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Medicarpin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glabridin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium carbonate anhydrous, by ITW Reagents (3 mentions)
Gallic acid standard, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by ITW Reagents (3 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 pycrilhydrazyl, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Citrinin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
P nitrophenyl β d glucopyranoside, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
24 protocols using liquiritigenin
1
Quantitative Analysis of Licorice Bioactive Compounds
2
Lipid Bilayer Characterization with Phytochemicals
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CaCl2, NaCl, NaOH, calcein, Triton X-100, Sephadex G-50, 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and plant polyphenols: chalcones (4′-hydroxychalcone (≥99%, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), cardamonin (≥98%, HPLC), isoliquiritigenin (≥98%, HPLC)), dihydrochalcones (phloretin (≥99%, HPLC)), stilbenes (resveratrol (≥99%, HPLC), piceatannol (≥98%, HPLC)), isoflavones (daidzein (≥98%, HPLC), biochanin A (≥95%, HPLC), genistein (≥98%, HPLC), genistin (≥95%, HPLC)), flavanones (liquiritigenin (≥97%, HPLC), naringenin (≥95%, HPLC)), flavan-3-ols (catechin (≥98%, HPLC)), flavononols (taxifolin (≥90%, HPLC)), flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, and rutin), and lignans (honokiol (≥98%, HPLC)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (Gillingham, United Kingdom).
Lipids synthetic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol (CHOL) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL, USA).
Lipids synthetic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol (CHOL) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc., Alabaster, AL, USA).
3
Analytical Standards for Chromatographic Analysis
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Ultra-pure water (18 mΩ) was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Co., Ltd., Milford, MA, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol, acetic acid, and 56 analytical standards, including catechinic, scopolin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechinic, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, purerarin, syringic acid, daidzin, glycitin, scopoletin, eriocitrin, umbelliferone, p-coumaric acid, dihydroquercetin, sinapic acid, genistin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, rutin, isoferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, naringin, hesperidin, resveratrol, xanthotoxol, silydianin, sinapyl alcohol, o-coumaric acid, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, 2’-hydroxygenistein, eriodictyol, daidzein, psoralen, glycitein, quercetin, didymin, bergaptol, naringenin, luteolin, cinnamic_acid, hesperetin, genistein, bergapten, diosmetin, isoliquiritigenin, coumestrol, sinensetin, formononetin, medicarpin, imperatorin, biochanin A, tangeretin, and rotenone (displayed in Table S2 ), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. The stock solutions of these authentic standards were 10.0 mg of each standard dissolved in 10 mL methanol. Then, the stock solutions were diluted to various concentrations before analysis. All stock solutions were sealed with Parafilm® and stored in a −20 °C freezer.
4
Optimized Enzymatic Assay for Botanical Compounds
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Luria-Bertani broth, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, sodium phosphate (dibasic), sodium chloride, imidazole, cellobiose, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Liquiritin (LQ), baicalin (BC), glycyrrhizin (GC), hesperidin (HP), neohesperidin (NH), naringin (NR), liquiritigenin, genipin, baicalein, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, hesperetin, naringenin, p-nitrophenol (pNP), p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), and p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide (pNPGr) standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Geniposide was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and TALON metal affinity resin was purchased from Takara (Kusatsu, Japan). Solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were purchased from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA; acetonitrile) and Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan; acetic acid).
5
Apoptosis Detection in Reproductive Cells
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Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium pyruvate, citrinin and liquiritigenin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was obtained from Serono (NV Organon, Oss, The Netherlands). The TUNEL in situ cell death detection kit was purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany) and CMRL-1066 medium from Gibco Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA).
6
Phycox® Canine Chewable Tablet Analysis
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Phycox® canine chewable whole tablets and the individual components, glucosamine hydrochloride, grape seed extract, citrus bioflavonoids, and Phycox® premix were provided by Dechra Veterinary Products. ±Naringenin, ±hesperidin, ±liquiritigenin, caffeine, trans-resveratrol, β-glucuronidase type IX A (β-glucuronidase), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). β-Glucosidase from almonds was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Formic acid was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from EMD Millipore (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). Ultrapure water from a Milli-Q water system was used (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
7
Analytical Profiling of Herbal Compounds
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Anti-claudin 5 was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit and goat anti-mouse IgGs were purchased from Novus Biological (Centennial, CO, USA). Trizol was obtained from Invitrogen (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit was obtained from Promega (Promega, Madison WI, USA). Sennoside A, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, rhein, glycyrrhizin acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The reagents for ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis were methanol (Junsei for the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), acetonitrile (JT BAKER for the HPLC), and then Water (Tertiary distilled water).
8
Quantitative Analysis of Licorice Compounds
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Standards of ephedrine hydrochloride were obtained from the MFDS (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety), and coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of four chemicals (ephedrine hydrochloride, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, and liquiritigenin) were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in methanol. The mixed standard working solutions were diluted with distilled water to a final concentration of 0.0001 mg/mL. The working solutions were stored at +4°C prior to analysis.
9
Anti-inflammatory Molecular Mechanisms
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The LPS (E. coli 026:B6) and Griess reagent were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, berberine, baicalin, baicalein, forsythiaside-A and poncirin were also purchased from Sigma. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were acquired from Pierce Endogen (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The PGE2 ELISA kit was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The primary antibodies for the phospho (p)-inhibitor of NF-κB α (I-κBα), p-ERK, p-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p-p38, ERK, JNK and p38 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). COX-2 and iNOS antibodies were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA), while the NF-κB, IκBα, β-actin and lamin A/C antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).
10
HPLC Quantification of Glycyrrhizin and Derivatives
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Glycyrrhizin (Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate, purity > 75.0%, for High Performance Liquid Chromatography grade) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). Berberine chloride (internal standard, purity ≥ 98.0%), isoliquiritigenin (purity > 99.0%), liquiritin (purity > 98.0%), and liquiritigenin (purity > 97.0%) were gained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water, methanol, and other solvents were obtained from J.T. Baker Korea (Seoul, Korea) and TEDIA (Fairfield, OH, USA). All other chemicals and solvents are of reagent and analytical grade.
Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (GRE; #KNUNPM GR-2015-001, deposited at the laboratory of Natural Products Medicine in Kyungpook National University) was used [1 (link)]. Briefly, dried Glycyrrhizae Radix, imported from China to Republic of Korea in 2015, was extracted with 94% ethanol for 3 h. The extracted solution was filtrated and concentrated by a rotary evaporator to obtain the GRE.
Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (GRE; #KNUNPM GR-2015-001, deposited at the laboratory of Natural Products Medicine in Kyungpook National University) was used [1 (link)]. Briefly, dried Glycyrrhizae Radix, imported from China to Republic of Korea in 2015, was extracted with 94% ethanol for 3 h. The extracted solution was filtrated and concentrated by a rotary evaporator to obtain the GRE.
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