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4 protocols using anti pkc

1

Immunostaining of Mouse Retina Tissue

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Retinas were isolated in cold oxygenated mouse artificial cerebrospinal fluid (mACSF, pH 7.4, 119 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 2.5 mM CaCl2, 1.3 mM MgCl2, 1 mM NaH2PO4, 11 mM glucose, and 20 mM HEPES). Retinas were flattened onto filter paper (Millipore, HABP013) and fixed for 15 mins in 4% (wt/vol) paraformaldehyde prepared in mACSF. Retinas were rinsed in phosphate buffer (PBS) and then incubated in a blocking solution (5% donkey serum and 0.5% Triton X-100). The retinas were next incubated with primary antibody over 3 nights at 4°C. Primary antibodies used were anti-PKC (1:1000, mouse, Sigma; RRID:AB_477375), anti-Dsred (rabbit 1:1000, Clontech), anti-synaptotagmin 2 (1:1000, mouse, Znp-1 Zebrafish International Resource center; RRID:AB_10013783), anti-calbindin antibody (rabbit, 1:1000, Swant Inc; RRID:AB_10000340), anti-GABAAβ2/3 (mouse, 1:500 MilliporeSigma) anti-GABAAα1 receptor subunit (polyclonal guinea-pig, 1:5000, kindly provided by J.M. Fritschy), and anti-GABACρ receptor subunit (1:500, rabbit, kindly provided by R. Enz, H. Wassle, and S. Haverkamp). Retinas were thereafter incubated in secondary antibody solution using anti-isotypic Alexa Fluor (1:1000, Invitrogen) conjugates. Retinas were finally mounted on slides with Vectashield antifade mounting medium (Vector Labs; RRID:AB_2336789).
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2

Glomerular Protein Expression Analysis

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Glomerular protein was extracted with SDS protein lysate (KeyGEN, Nanjing, China), separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred onto a PVDF membrane. PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% skim milk containing 0.05% Tween-20 and incubated with individual primary antibodies, including anti-FN (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX), anti-RAGE, anti-PKC (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China), anti-PKA (Abcam, UK), anti-iNOS (Abcam, UK), anti-SOD1 (Santa Cruz, USA) and anti-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China). Then HRP-conjugate secondary antibody was utilized and color development achieved with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagent (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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3

Immunolabeling of Retinal Whole-Mounts

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Immunolabeling was performed on whole-mount retinas isolated in cold oxygenated mouse artificial cerebrospinal fluid (mACSF, pH 7.4) containing (in mM): 119 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.3 MgCl2, 1 NaH2PO4, 11 glucose, and 20 HEPES. Retinas were flattened on a filter paper (Millipore, HABP013), fixed for 15 mins in 4% paraformaldehyde prepared in mACSF, rinsed in phosphate buffer (PBS) and incubated with primary antibody in blocking solution containing 5% donkey serum and 0.5 Triton X-100 at 4°C for 3–4 days. Antibodies utilized were as follows: anti-PKC (1:1000, mouse, Sigma); anti-LRRTM4 (BC-262) (1:500, rabbit, Siddiqui et al., 2013 (link)); anti-VIAAT (1:1000, guinea pig, Synaptic Systems); anti-GABAAα1 (1:5000, guinea pig, J.M Fritschy); anti-GABACρ (1:500, rabbit, R. Enz, H. Wassle and S. Haverkamp); anti-CtBP2 (1:1000, mouse, BD Biosciences), anti-GABAAα3 (1:3000, guinea pig, J.M Fritschy). After incubation with primary antibodies, retinas were rinsed in PBS and incubated with anti-isotypic Alexa Fluor (1:1000, Invitrogen) or DyLight (1:1000, Jackson Immunoresearch) secondary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Thereafter retinas were rinsed in PBS and mounted on slides with Vectashield antifade mounting medium (Vector Labs).
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4

Immunohistochemical Localization of PKC

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The same fixation was used as described for light microscopy. Transverse frozen sections, 30-40 µm thick, were obtained on a freezing microtome and collected in phosphate buffer (PB) at room temperature, which is equivalent to freeze-thawing. Retinal sections were incubated for 72 h with diluted antisera (anti-PKC, 1:400, mouse monoclonal, Sigma).
After rinsing, the tissue was incubated in a Poly-HRP-goat anti-mouse IgG (PowerVision, ImmunoVision Technologies Co., Springdale, AR). To visualize the peroxidase, the material was incubated in a Tris-HCl diaminobenzidine (DAB, 0.05%) solution containing 0.03% H2O2. The DAB reaction product was subsequently intensified by the gold-substituted silver peroxidase method (Gorcs et al., 1986) .
Sections were rinsed in sodium cacodylate buffer 0.1 M (pH 7.4) and post-fixed for 20 min in 1% OsO4 supplemented with 1.5 % potassium ferricyanide in sodium cacodylate buffer. After rinsing in sodium cacodylate buffer, the material was dehydrated and embedded in epoxy resin. Ultrathin sections were observed in a Philips EM201 electron microscope (Philips, The Netherlands) and/or Technai (CM) 12 electron microscope (FEI, The Netherlands). Sections examined with the Philips electron microscope were counter-stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.
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