Iodolyte z 100

The prepared N,S-TiO₂@Ag nanocomposite photoanodes were immersed into an ethanolic solution of 0.3 mM N719 (Ruthenizer 535-bisTBA) dye for 24 h at room temperature. The dye-adsorbed photoanode was withdrawn from the solution and immediately cleaned with ethanol. A platinum-sputtered ITO was placed on the dye-absorbed photoanode, and they were clamped firmly together. An electrolyte (Iodolyte Z-100, Solaronix) solution was introduced into the cell assembly by capillary action. A 150-W Xenon arc lamp (Newport, Model 69907) containing a simulated AM 1.5-G filter was used as a light source throughout the experiments. Prior to testing the photovoltaic parameter, an Avaspec-2048 fiber optic spectrophotometer was used to measure the light illumination intensity. The photocurrent signal measurements (J-V and J-T curves) were carried out with an active electrode area of 0.5 cm² using a computer-controlled VersaSTAT 3 electrochemical workstation (Princeton Applied Research, USA).

Titanium dioxide (P25) was purchased from Acros Organics. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and Thiourea were purchased from Merck and Fluka, respectively. Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) was purchased from R&M chemicals. Indium tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass slides (7 Ω/sq) were purchased from Xin Yan Technology Limited, China. N719 (Ruthenizer 535-bisTBA) and iodolyte Z-100 were received from Solaronix.