Acetic acid (99.5%), aluminum chloride hexahydrate, copper(II) chloride dihydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 96% ethanol, 36% hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, methanol, phosphoric acid, potassium persulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), sodium acetate anhydrous, sodium carbonate anhydrous, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, and trichloroAcetic acid were purchased from Chempur, Poland. Neocuproine was delivered by J&K Scientific, Germany. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, acetonitrile, iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, gallic acid were supplied by Merck, Germany, whereas rutin trihydrate by Roth, Germany. ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), TPTZ (2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), caffeine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. All the chemicals were of analytical grade.
Trichloroacetic acid
Manufactured by Chempur
Sourced in Poland
Trichloroacetic acid is a laboratory chemical used as a reagent in various analytical and synthetic applications. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a pungent odor. The primary function of trichloroacetic acid is to serve as a precipitating agent for proteins, DNA, and other macromolecules in aqueous solutions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetic acid, by Chempur (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Chempur (4 mentions)
Methylene chloride, by Chempur (4 mentions)
Tris buffer, by Chempur (4 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Chempur (3 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Succinic anhydride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pyridine, by Chempur (2 mentions)
Acetic anhydride, by Avantor (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl dpph 6 hydroxy 2 5 7 8 tetramethylchroman 2 carboxylic acid trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium lauryl sulfate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethylformamide dmf, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Eugenol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Oxallyl chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Disodium phosphate p a, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate p a, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
8 protocols using trichloroacetic acid
1
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds
2
Synthesis of Betulin Derivatives
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Betulin > 95% (Natchem), succinic anhydride 99% (Sigma-Aldrich), pyridine (min 99.5%, Chempur), acetic anhydride (POCh S.A.), DMSO (Chempur), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur), acetic acid (Chempur), Tris buffer, sulforhodamine, poly(vinyl alcohol) (Mw = 88 000 g mol−1, 88% hydrolyzed) (ACROS Organics), methylene chloride (Chempur) were used as supplied.
3
Synthesis and Evaluation of Betulin-PEG Derivatives
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Betulin > 95% (Natchem), succinic anhydride 99% (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), pyridine (min. 99.5%, Chempur, Karlsruhe, Germany), acetic anhydride (POCh S.A., Gliwice, Poland), dicarboxylic derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) (with Mn = 250 and Mn = 600) (ACROS Organics, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), DMSO (Chempur), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur), acetic acid (Chempur), Tris buffer, sulforhodamine, poly(vinyl alcohol) (Mw = 88,000 g/mol, 88% hydrolyzed) (ACROS Organics), and methylene chloride (Chempur) were used as supplied.
KB, HeLa, MCF-7, and Hep-G2 cells were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Culture (ECACC) supplied by Sigma Aldrich. A-549, U-87 and HDF cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) through LGC Standards (Lomianki, Poland). KB, Hep-G2, and U-87 cells were cultured in EMEM medium, while HeLa cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium, A-549 cells in F-12K medium, MCF-7 cells in DMEM medium, and HDF cells in Fibroblasts Growth Medium. Each medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1%l -glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution. All of the cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
KB, HeLa, MCF-7, and Hep-G2 cells were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Culture (ECACC) supplied by Sigma Aldrich. A-549, U-87 and HDF cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) through LGC Standards (Lomianki, Poland). KB, Hep-G2, and U-87 cells were cultured in EMEM medium, while HeLa cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium, A-549 cells in F-12K medium, MCF-7 cells in DMEM medium, and HDF cells in Fibroblasts Growth Medium. Each medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1%
4
Betulin Disuccinate Synthesis and Characterization
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Betulin disuccinate (obtained in the laboratory according to the procedure described earlier [10 (link)]), succinic anhydride 99% (ACROS Organics, Geel, Belgium), toluene (STANLAB, Lublin, Poland), acetic anhydride (POCh S.A., Gliwice, Poland), glycerol ethoxylate (average Mn~1000) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), DMSO (Chempur, Piekary Śl., Poland), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur, Piekary Śl., Poland), acetic acid (Chempur, Piekary Śl., Poland), Tris buffer, sulforhodamine, tetrahydrofuran (Chempur, Piekary Śl., Poland), and methylene chloride (Chempur, Piekary Śl., Poland) were used as supplied.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Eugenol Esters
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The following compounds were used for the synthesis of eugenol esters: chloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), dichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥ 99%), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur, 99%), oxallyl chloride (Alfa Aesar, 98%), eugenol (Keten, p.a.), pyridine (AR Ubichem), dimethylformamide (DMF, Acros, 99%), chloroform (Chempur, p.a.), and deionized water.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81:71:51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81:71:51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Eugenol Esters
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The following compounds were used for the synthesis of eugenol esters: chloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), dichloroacetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥ 99%), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur, 99%), oxallyl chloride (Alfa Aesar, 98%), eugenol (Keten, p.a.), pyridine (AR Ubichem), dimethylformamide (DMF, Acros, 99%), chloroform (Chempur, p.a.), and deionized water.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81: 71: 51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
The amounts of these compounds were selected to maintain the molar ratio of carboxylic acid:oxalyl chloride:eugenol:amines as 81: 71: 51:123. For the determination of antioxidant activity and to assess the lipophilicity of the esters obtained, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and sodium lauryl sulfate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, disodium phosphate (p.a.), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (p.a.) were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany; ethanol (96% v/v), methanol (50% v/v, concentrated) (all of the analytical grade) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie (Poland); and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from J.T. Baker, PBS.
7
Betulin Disuccinate Synthesis and Evaluation
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Betulin disuccinate (obtained in the laboratory according to the procedure described in the article [7] ), acetic anhydride (POCh S.A.), sebacic acid (ACROS Organics), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Chempur), trichloroacetic acid (Chempur), acetic acid (Chempur), Tris buffer, sulforhodamine, poly(vinyl alcohol) (Mw = 88,000 g/mol, 88% hydrolyzed) (ACROS Organics), methylene chloride (Chempur) were used as supplied.
KB, HeLa and Hep-G2 cells were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Culture (ECACC) supplied by Sigma Aldrich. A-549, U-87 and HDF cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) through LGC Standards (Lomianki). KB, Hep-G2 and U-87 cells were cultured in EMEM medium while HeLa cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium, A-549 cells in F-12K medium and HDF cells in Fibroblasts Growth Medium. Each medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% L-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution. All cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
KB, HeLa and Hep-G2 cells were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Culture (ECACC) supplied by Sigma Aldrich. A-549, U-87 and HDF cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) through LGC Standards (Lomianki). KB, Hep-G2 and U-87 cells were cultured in EMEM medium while HeLa cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium, A-549 cells in F-12K medium and HDF cells in Fibroblasts Growth Medium. Each medium was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% L-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution. All cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
8
Antioxidant Assay Protocols
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Bodipy™ 581/591 C11 was obtained from ThermoFisher. 4',5,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone (hispidulin) was purchased from Medchemexpress. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylobenzthiazoline-6sulfonic acid, diammonium salt) (ABTS), 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), potassium persulfate, sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and ferric chloride were from Merck (Poznań, Poland). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were from Bioshop (Burlington, ON, Canada).
Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was from Serva Electrophoresis GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). Methanol, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and trichloroacetic acid were from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland).
Sodium acetate was from POCh (Gliwice, Poland).
Transparent and black flat-bottom 96-well plates (Greiner, Kremsmünster, Austria) were used for the assays. Absorbance and fluorescence was measured in a Spark plate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).
Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was from Serva Electrophoresis GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). Methanol, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid and trichloroacetic acid were from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland).
Sodium acetate was from POCh (Gliwice, Poland).
Transparent and black flat-bottom 96-well plates (Greiner, Kremsmünster, Austria) were used for the assays. Absorbance and fluorescence was measured in a Spark plate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA).
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