1 1 dioctadecyl 3 3 3 3 tetramethylindo carbocyanine iodide dir

Lipophilic fluorescent dyes, 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine iodide (DIR) and 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DIL), were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Murine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) was purchased from Peprotech Inc. (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). A human liver microsome (HLM) quality control (QC) (Gentest^™ mixed gender pool of 50) was purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Picopure® 2 system (Hydro Service and Supplies, Inc. Durham, NC, USA). Trypsin Gold mass spectrometry grade (100 μg; item # V5280) was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Cell culture medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies, (Grand Island, NY, USA). The solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for sample clean up were Strata^™-X 33u Polymeric Reversed Phase (10 mg/mL) (part no. 8BS100AAK) purchased from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA). Ammonium bicarbonate, dithiothreitol, β-casein from bovine milk, sodium deoxycholate, iodoacetamide and acetic, formic and trifluoroacetic acids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile (HPLC grade), methanol and flat cap 0.2 mL PCR tubes (catalog # 14230227) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). All other chemicals were reagent grade.