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10 protocols using ab180579

1

Immunostaining of Kidney Tissues and Cells

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Frozen kidney tissues and cells were transferred to 4% paraformaldehyde and fixed at 4 °C overnight. Cells and 4-μm tissue sections were permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 for 10 min and blocked with 5% donkey serum for 1 h. They were then incubated with the following primary antibodies: anti-MAD2B (1:200, ab180579, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), Numb (1:50, sc-136554, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-Synaptopodin (1:200, #163004, Synaptic Systems, Gottingen, Germany), and anti-Nephrin (1:100, AF3159, R&D, Minneapolis, MN, USA) overnight at 4 °C. Alexa Fluor 488 IgG and Alexa Fluor 594 IgG (1:200, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were used as secondary antibodies. Nucleus was counterstained with Hoechst (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China). Sections were observed under fluorescence microscope and images were captured at identical microscopic settings.
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2

Co-immunoprecipitation of MAD2B and Numb

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The whole cell lysates were prepared just as described above. Then equal amounts (1 mg) of total protein samples from three groups (Ctrl, HG and IgG) were incubated with 1 μg primary antibody overnight at 4 °C on a rotating device. The next day, 30 μl Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) that had been washed with ice-cold PBS and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 5 min at 4 °C to remove supernatant, was then added to the mixture and rotated for 1 h at 4 °C. The pellets were collected by centrifugation at 2,500 rpm for 5 min at 4 °C and washed 3 times with 1.0 ml PBS for 5 min each time on a rotating device. Then the pellets were resuspended in 2 × SDS sample buffer and boiled in 98 °C for 5 min. The immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by western blotting analysis. The following primary antibodies were used for Co-IP in our present study: rabbit anti-MAD2B antibody (ab180579, Abcam), goat anti-Numb antibody (ab4147, Abcam), and horseradish peroxidase labeled donkey anti goat immunoglobulin G (A0181, Beyotime).
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3

Immunoblotting Assay for DNA Damage Signaling

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Immunoblotting was performed as described12 (link) with the following Abs: 53BP1 (175933, Abcam; NB100-304, Novus Biological); ATR (sc-1887, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); BRCA1 (MAB22101, R+D systems); Chk1 (sc-8408, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); Chk1-S345-P (#2341S; Cell Signaling Technology); Chk2 (BD 611570, BD Biosciences); flag-tag (M2, Sigma; F1804, Sigma); γtubulin (GTU488, Sigma); MAD2L2/Rev7 (ab180579, Abcam); myc-tag (9B11, Cell Signaling Technology); OBFC1/Stn1 (E10-376450, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); Tagged Ten1 was not detectable by immunoblotting of transfected 293T cells.
For detection of RPA phosphorylation, conditional CTC1 HCT116 cells or MEFs were irradiated and harvested 3 h later. Cells were washed in PBS, and then collected by scraping in Laemmli sample buffer, boiling for 5 min, and shearing through a syringe. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE on 8-16% Tris-Glycine gradient gels (Invitrogen), and transferred to nitrocellulose overnight. Immunoblotting for pRPA followed standard protocols with blocking in 5% milk/TBST and the pRPA Ab (S4/S8; Bethyl) diluted 1:1000 in 1% milk/TBST.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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The total protein of cultured cells and isolated renal glomeruli were extracted with RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). The total protein lysates were measured by a BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime). After being boiled for 5 min at 95 °C in SDS protein loading buffer, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked in 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The following primary antibodies against the following targets were used in this study: MAD2B (1:1000, ab180579, Abcam), Numb (1:1500, ab4147, Abcam), NICD (1:1000, ab52627, Abcam), Hes-1 (1:1000, ab71559, Abcam), Desmin (1:1000, BS1712, Bioworld Technology, Louis Park, MN, USA), MDM2 (1:1000, ab16895, Abcam), active β-catenin (1:1000, #4270, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), β-actin (1:10000, sc-47778, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and α-tubulin (1:3000, Protein Tech Group, Chicago, IL, USA). Finally, the membranes were incubated with horseradish secondary antibodies and detected by an ECL system (Thermo). The densitometric analysis of western blot images was measured by ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health).
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5

Immunoblotting Assay for DNA Damage Signaling

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Immunoblotting was performed as described12 (link) with the following Abs: 53BP1 (175933, Abcam; NB100-304, Novus Biological); ATR (sc-1887, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); BRCA1 (MAB22101, R+D systems); Chk1 (sc-8408, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); Chk1-S345-P (#2341S; Cell Signaling Technology); Chk2 (BD 611570, BD Biosciences); flag-tag (M2, Sigma; F1804, Sigma); γtubulin (GTU488, Sigma); MAD2L2/Rev7 (ab180579, Abcam); myc-tag (9B11, Cell Signaling Technology); OBFC1/Stn1 (E10-376450, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); Tagged Ten1 was not detectable by immunoblotting of transfected 293T cells.
For detection of RPA phosphorylation, conditional CTC1 HCT116 cells or MEFs were irradiated and harvested 3 h later. Cells were washed in PBS, and then collected by scraping in Laemmli sample buffer, boiling for 5 min, and shearing through a syringe. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE on 8-16% Tris-Glycine gradient gels (Invitrogen), and transferred to nitrocellulose overnight. Immunoblotting for pRPA followed standard protocols with blocking in 5% milk/TBST and the pRPA Ab (S4/S8; Bethyl) diluted 1:1000 in 1% milk/TBST.
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6

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Mitotic Markers

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Rabbit anti‐Aurora B antibodies (ab2254), rabbit anti‐MAD2L2 [EPR13657] antibodies (ab180579), rabbit anti‐phospho‐histone H3 (Ser10) antibodies and rabbit anti‐phospho‐histone H2AX (phospho‐S139) antibodies (ab2893) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). AZD1152‐HQPA was purchased from Abcam. Mouse anti‐Aurora B antibodies (3F11) were obtained from R&D (Chicago, IL, USA). Anti‐Aurora B (phospho‐Thr232) antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Goat anti‐rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 and goat anti‐mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 647) were obtained from Abcam. Human tubal fluid (HTF) was obtained from Sage Science (Beverly, MA, USA). 4ʹ,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) (10 μg/mL) was obtained from Solarbio (China).
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7

Antibody-Based Analysis of DNA Repair

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Antibodies used in this study were: Abcam ab180579 (REV7, immunoblotting), Abcam ab128171 (TRIP13), Cell Signaling 2144 (Tubulin), Santa Cruz sc-8349 (RAD51, immunoflourescence), and Millipore-Sigma MABE451 (p31comet). MMC was purchased from Sigma and olaparib was purchased from Selleckchem.
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8

Antibody Validation for DNA Repair

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Antibodies used in this study were: Santa Cruz sc-135977 (REV7, IF, 1:100 dilution), Abcam ab180579 (REV7, IB, 1:1000 dilution), Abcam ab128171 (TRIP13, 1:1000 dilution), Cell Signaling 2144 (Tubulin, 1:5000 dilution), Novus NB100544 (pRPA32 S33, IF, 1:5000 dilution), Santa Cruz sc-8349 (RAD51, IF, 1:100 dilution), Cell Signaling 4937 (53BP1, IF, 1:1000 dilution), Bethyl A300–569A (RIF1, IF, 1:1000 dilution), Santa Cruz sc-138 (GST, 1:1000 dilution). Mitomycin C (MMC) was purchased from Sigma and Olaparib was purchased from Selleckchem.
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Kidney Tissue

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Kidney tissues were transferred to 4% paraformaldehyde and fixed at 4 °C overnight. 4-μm paraffin embedded sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated for immunohistochemical staining. The sections were then incubated with the primary antibody for MAD2B (1:100, ab180579, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), Numb (1:200, #2756, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) and WT1 (1:100, ab88901, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) overnight at 4 °C. After being stained with hematoxylin, the sections were observed under a light microscope. We calculated the positive stained areas per glomerulus using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Repair Proteins

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Cells were lysed in 2% SDS, 1% NP-40, 50 mM Tris pH 7.5, and 150 mM NaCl. Protein-lysates were equalized based on protein concentration measured using the BCA Protein Assay Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Protein samples were separated on Novex 4–12% Bis-Tris gradient gels using MOPS SDS running buffer and NuPage LDS sample buffer (all Thermo Fisher Scientific); subsequently, proteins were transferred onto Immobilon‐FL membranes (Merck Millipore). The following primary antibodies were used: Anti-PARP1 (rabbit polyclonal, Cell Signalling Technology #9542, 1:1000), anti-OBFC1 (STN1, mouse monoclonal, Santa Cruz sc-376450, 1:1000), anti-53BP1 (rabbit polyclonal, NOVUS biologicals NB100-304, 1:1000), anti-Mad2L2/REV7 (rabbit monoclonal, Abcam ab180579, 1:1000), anti-Cas9 (mouse monoclonal, 7A9‐3A3 Cell Signaling Technology, 1:1000) and anti-Tubulin (mouse monoclonal, Sigma-Aldrich, T6199 clone DM1A, 1:5000). The secondary antibodies CF680 goat anti‐rabbit IgG and CF770 goat anti‐mouse IgG (Biotium, both at 1:10.000) and the Odyssey CLx infrared imaging scanning system (LI‐COR Biosciences) were used to detect protein expression.
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