After post and core placement, impressions of prepared teeth were taken with a polyvinyl siloxane impression material (Express XT, 3M Espe, St Paul, MN, USA). Then, the impressions were poured with type IV stone (Fujirock, GC Corp, Leuven, Belgium). A calibrated reference crown with a 30° inclination of the buccal cusp to the vertical axis was prepared in wax to obtain similar crown dimensions in all specimens. The crowns were then duplicated onto other dyes by adding heated liquid wax to a custom-made silicone mold. Then, crown wax patterns were converted to Ni-Cr metal crowns (Bellabond plus C, Bego, Bremen, Germany). Intaglio surfaces of the metal crowns were abraded by airborne particles for 15 secs with 50-μm alumina particles at 0.25 MPa and cleaned in 99% isopropanol ultrasonic path for 3 min. The coronal structures were cleaned with a rotary brush and fluoride-free pumice for 15 secs and thoroughly rinsed with water for 15 secs. The crowns were then cemented using glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Cem Aplicap, 3MEspe, St Paul, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Ketac cem aplicap
Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in United States, Germany
Ketac-Cem Aplicap is a self-curing glass ionomer luting cement for dental applications. It is designed to be used for the cementation of crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays, and other indirect restorations.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using ketac cem aplicap
1
Fabrication of Ni-Cr Metal Crowns
2
Luting Cement Performance on Crowns
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In each group, the teeth were subgrouped by cementation using different luting cements as follows (n = 4 per group): Group 1: Conventional GIC (Ketac Cem Aplicap™, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); Group 2: Resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) (NuSmile BioCem®, NuSmile Ltd., Houston, TX, USA); and Group 3: Self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X™ Unicem Self Adhesive Universal Resin Cement Aplicap™, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany).
Each luting cement was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, the crowns in each group were filled with the respective luting cement and positioned on the preparations using finger pressure. The crowns were loaded axially with 5 kg with a loading apparatus until 10 min after the cement mix was initiated to hold the crowns in place in a standardized manner until the cement had set and excess cement was removed with a sharp curette.
The embedded crowns were sectioned in the buccolingual direction using a diamond disk (Super Diamond Disk No. 800.104.355.524.190; NTI-Kahla GmbH, Germany). A digital photograph of each section was obtained under a stereomicroscope (Hamilton, Hamilton International s.r.l. Lazio, Italy) at an original magnification of ×20.
Each luting cement was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, the crowns in each group were filled with the respective luting cement and positioned on the preparations using finger pressure. The crowns were loaded axially with 5 kg with a loading apparatus until 10 min after the cement mix was initiated to hold the crowns in place in a standardized manner until the cement had set and excess cement was removed with a sharp curette.
The embedded crowns were sectioned in the buccolingual direction using a diamond disk (Super Diamond Disk No. 800.104.355.524.190; NTI-Kahla GmbH, Germany). A digital photograph of each section was obtained under a stereomicroscope (Hamilton, Hamilton International s.r.l. Lazio, Italy) at an original magnification of ×20.
3
Zirconia Restoration Cementation Comparison
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Three luting agents with clinical indication for the cementation of zirconia-based restorations were selected for testing: a hand-mix zinc phosphate cement (ZPC) (Fortex, Faciden), a self-mixing and single-dose capsule glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Ketac Cem Aplicap, 3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA); and an auto-mixture resin cement (RC) (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, 3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA). The cementation procedures were performed by a single operator, who performed 5 pre-testing sample assemblies per cement group (ZPC, GIC and RC) both in the OC6 and OC12 dies (total pre-testing n = 30).
Following the previously described calibration, the testing zirconia copings were cemented over their respective abutments by the same operator calibrated under identical conditions of temperature and humidity. Luting agents were manipulated following the manufacturer recommendations. The mixture was performed for each sample individually and then applied onto the intaglio surface of the zirconia coping. A controlled and constant cementation pressure of 20 N was applied for all samples. This pressure was kept for 3 min for ZPC, 7 min for GIC and 6 min for RC. In summary, after cementation, six groups (n = 10) were obtained as follows:
Following the previously described calibration, the testing zirconia copings were cemented over their respective abutments by the same operator calibrated under identical conditions of temperature and humidity. Luting agents were manipulated following the manufacturer recommendations. The mixture was performed for each sample individually and then applied onto the intaglio surface of the zirconia coping. A controlled and constant cementation pressure of 20 N was applied for all samples. This pressure was kept for 3 min for ZPC, 7 min for GIC and 6 min for RC. In summary, after cementation, six groups (n = 10) were obtained as follows:
Group 1: OC6 + ZPC.
Group 2: OC6 + GIC.
Group 3: OC6 + RC.
Group 4: OC12 + ZPC.
Group 5: OC12 + GIC.
Group 6: OC12 + RC.
4
Monolithic Zirconia Crown Cementation
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The monolithic zirconia crowns were cemented onto the polyurethane abutment teeth using a glass ionomer cement (3M Ketac cem Aplicap, 3M Deutschland, Neuss, Germany). The cement was prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and applied to the crown, which was then manually pressed onto the abutment tooth for 10 s at a nominal force of 25 N. During the process, a weighing scale measured the force. Excess cement was removed.
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