Disodium salt dihydrate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Spain

Disodium salt dihydrate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a buffering agent, maintaining the desired pH levels in solutions. The core function of this product is to stabilize the acidity or basicity of the environment in which it is used.

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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (22 citations) Ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) (5 citations) EDTA) disodium salt dihydrate (5 citations) α-ketoglutaric acid disodium salt dihydrate (3 citations) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (Na2EDTA) (2 citations) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) acid disodium salt dihydrate (2 citations)

5 protocols using disodium salt dihydrate

Development of Naringenin-Loaded Topical Formulation

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All solvents, analytical grade, were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy): diethyl ether, dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol, methanol, acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF), 1-butanol, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), acetonitrile and n-hexane. Naringenin, linolenic acid, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), sodium sulfate, N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), sodium hydroxide, sodium taucholorate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), tert-butyl alcohol(TBA), butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disodium salt dihydrate and phosphate buffer solution 1.0 M pH 7.4, DMEM, FBS, L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, Griess reagent, L-NAME, and indomethacin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Cyclosporine A was purchased from Farmalabor srl (Milan, Italy). RAW 264.7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) no. TIB-71, UK.
Poloxamer 407, Carbopol 940, soy lectin powder, propylene glycol, isopropyl palmitate, nipagin, propyl paraben, colloidal silica, prunus amygdalus dulcis oil, ethoxydiglycol (Transcutol P). Cellulose acetate membrane (MWCO: 12,000–15,000 Da) was purchased by Medicell International LTD, London, UK.

Trombino S., Servidio C., Laganà A.S., Conforti F., Marrelli M, & Cassano R. (2020). Viscosified Solid Lipidic Nanoparticles Based on Naringenin and Linolenic Acid for the Release of Cyclosporine A on the Skin. Molecules, 25(15), 3535.

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Polyelectrolyte Complexation and Metal Ion Interactions

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Polyelectrolytes polystyrenesulfonate sodium (PSS) and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) with a molecular mass of 70 kDa and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, calcium chloride, potassium ferricyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, copper chloride, copper sulfate, iron(III) chloride, and lead(II) nitrate were purchased from “Reahim”(Moscow, Russia).

Kim A.L., Dubrovskii A.V., Musin E.V, & Tikhonenko S.A. (2023). Sorption of Salts of Various Metals by Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2834.

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Enzymatic Digestion and Oxidative Stress Analysis

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Pepsin (2188 U mg -1 ) from porcine gastric mucosa, α-amylase (1333 U mg -1 ) from Bacillus sp., trypsin from bovine pancreas, Patent Blue V sodium salt, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), disodium salt dihydrate, ascorbic acid, 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stockholm, Sweden). Brij 35 was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Acros Organics, Västra Frölunda, Sweden). Lipase F-AP 15 (150 U mg -1 ) from Rhizopus oryzae was purchased from Amano Enzyme Inc. (Nagoya, Japan). Fresh porcine bile was obtained from TNO (Zeist, The Netherlands). Pancreatin (Pancrex-Vet, Pfizer, Karlsruhe, Germany) was purified by centrifugation (9000g, 20 min, 4 °C) before use. Wheat flour bread containing 1% vegetable oil (0.4% saturated) was bought in a local supermarket. 4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Michigan, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Larsson K., Tullberg C., Alminger M., Havenaar R, & Undeland I. (2016). Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal are formed during dynamic gastrointestinal in vitro digestion of cod liver oils. Food & function, 7(8).

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Cellular Oxidative Stress Assays

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All chemicals used were of high purity or analytical grade. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Triton X-100, bovine serum albumin (BSA), low melting point (LMP) agarose, Tris hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and water TraceSELECT™ Ultra were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Tris-base and disodium salt dihydrate (Na₂EDTA) were supplied from Merck Millipore (Madrid, Spain). Normal melting point (NMP) agarose was purchased from Bioline (London, UK). Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) was supplied from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) was purchased from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA). Invitrogen™ SYBR^® Gold dye and CM-H₂DCFDA (General Oxidative Stress Indicator) were bought from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain). All cell culture reagents were purchased from Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain).

Bessa M.J., Brandão F., Fokkens P.H., Leseman D.L., Boere A.J., Cassee F.R., Salmatonidis A., Viana M., Vulpoi A., Simon S., Monfort E., Teixeira J.P, & Fraga S. (2021). In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures. Nanomaterials, 11(12), 3225.

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Optimized Cellular COMET Assay

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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), and potassium chloride (KCl) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Tris base and disodium salt dihydrate (Na 2 EDTA) were supplied from Merck Millipore (Madrid, Spain). Water TraceSELECT TM Ultra, Triton X-100, bovine serum albumin (BSA), low melting point (LMP) agarose, Tris-hydrochloride (Tris-HCl), 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid, N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N 0 -(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were brought from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Normal melting point (NMP) agarose was purchased from Bioline (London, UK). Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) enzyme was obtained from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA). Invitrogen TM SYBR V R Gold stain was bought from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Madrid, Spain).

Bessa M.J., Brandão F., Fokkens P., Cassee F.R., Salmatonidis A., Viana M., Vulpoi A., Simon S., Monfort E., Teixeira J.P, & Fraga S. (2021). Toxicity assessment of industrial engineered and airborne process-generated nanoparticles in a 3D human airway epithelial in vitro model. Nanotoxicology, 15(4).

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