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6 protocols using mercaptopurine

1

Thiopurine Drugs in IHH Cell Viability

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IHH cells (1 x 10 6 ) were seeded in 25 cm 2 flasks and treated, for 48 and 96 hours, with azathioprine (1.4 x 10 -4 M, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) and mercaptopurine (1.1 x 10 -3 M, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) both diluted in NaOH 0.1 M. Control cultures were treated with the same volume of NaOH 0.1 M used for drug treatment (final concentration of NaOH 1.6 x 10 -4 M). The concentrations of azathioprine and mercaptopurine correspond to the IC50 [23] (link) obtained after a 96 hours thiopurine exposure previously evaluated in IHH cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, 5 mg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy) test.
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2

Comprehensive Phenotypic Assays for Yeast

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Phenotypic plate assays were performed on YNB (without amino acids and ammonium sulfate) media supplemented with 2% glucose and 10 mM ammonium sulfate unless stated otherwise. For UV sensitivity, cells were spotted then exposed for 6 sec to UV light at 48 mJ/cm2 in a UV Stratalinker (Stratagene, USA). For all other assays, the stressor was added to the media immediately prior to pouring at the following concentrations: 0.001% SDS (Sigma, USA), 5 μg/mL fluconazole (Sigma, USA), 0.25 μg/mL itraconazole (Sigma, USA), 1 μg/mL fenpropimorph (Sigma, USA), 1 M NaCl (Sigma, USA), 1 M KCl (Sigma, USA), 125 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide (Sigma, USA), 1 mM NaNO2 (Sigma, USA), 1 μg/mL cyclohexamide (Sigma, USA) and 1 mM mercaptopurine (Sigma, USA). Tenfold serial dilutions were prepared immediately prior to testing, with plates being imaged at 24–96 hr. All assays were performed at both 30 and 37 °C.
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3

Combination Therapy for Acute Leukemia

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LEE011 and everolimus were provided by Novartis. Methotrexate, mercaptopurine, dexamethasone and prednisolone were purchased from Sigma. Doxorubicin was purchased from Cell Signaling. Bortezomib was purchased from Selleckchem and Compound E was purchased from ENZO Pharmaceuticals. L-asparaginase was manufactured by Lundbeck Inc. and purchased from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute pharmacy.
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4

Preparation of Anti-Cancer Drugs

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Cisplatin (Sigma-Aldrich), etoposide (Sigma-Aldrich), mercaptopurine (Sigma-Aldrich), and methotrexate (LKT Laboratories, St. Paul, MN, USA) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to generate 100 mM stock solutions.
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5

Biochemical Reagents and Antibodies

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Doxycycline hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in MilliQ water. Thiopurines, 6-thioguanine (Sigma-Aldrich) and mercaptopurine (Merck AG), and all NUDT15 inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO to a stock of 10 mM. Antibodies against phosphorylated Chk1 (rabbit, Ser345; cat. no. 2348), Chk1 (mouse, cat. no. 2360), phosphorylated Chk2 (rabbit, Thr68; cat. no. 2197), Chk2 (mouse, cat. no. 3440), phospho-Histone H2A.X (rabbit, Ser139; cat. no. 2577), cleaved PARP (rabbit, cat. no. 9541), HA-tag (mouse, cat. no. 2367) and cleaved caspase 3 (rabbit, cat. no. 9661) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies against NUDT15 (rabbit, cat. no. sc-84533), SOD1 (rabbit, FL-154; cat. no. sc-11407), phosphorylated CDK (rabbit, Thr14/Tyr15; cat. no. sc-28435-R) and Goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP secondary antibody (cat. no. sc-2055) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.. Antibodies against GAPDH (rabbit, cat. no. ab9485) and β-Actin (mouse, cat. no. ab6276) were purchased from Abcam. Donkey anti-mouse IgG IRDye 680RD (cat. no. 925–68072) and goat anti-rabbit IgG IRDye 800CW (cat. no. 925–32211) were purchased from Li-Cor.
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6

Biochemical Reagents and Antibodies

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Doxycycline hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in MilliQ water. Thiopurines, 6-thioguanine (Sigma-Aldrich) and mercaptopurine (Merck AG), and all NUDT15 inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO to a stock of 10 mM. Antibodies against phosphorylated Chk1 (rabbit, Ser345; cat. no. 2348), Chk1 (mouse, cat. no. 2360), phosphorylated Chk2 (rabbit, Thr68; cat. no. 2197), Chk2 (mouse, cat. no. 3440), phospho-Histone H2A.X (rabbit, Ser139; cat. no. 2577), cleaved PARP (rabbit, cat. no. 9541), HA-tag (mouse, cat. no. 2367) and cleaved caspase 3 (rabbit, cat. no. 9661) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Antibodies against NUDT15 (rabbit, cat. no. sc-84533), SOD1 (rabbit, FL-154; cat. no. sc-11407), phosphorylated CDK (rabbit, Thr14/Tyr15; cat. no. sc-28435-R) and Goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP secondary antibody (cat. no. sc-2055) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.. Antibodies against GAPDH (rabbit, cat. no. ab9485) and β-Actin (mouse, cat. no. ab6276) were purchased from Abcam. Donkey anti-mouse IgG IRDye 680RD (cat. no. 925–68072) and goat anti-rabbit IgG IRDye 800CW (cat. no. 925–32211) were purchased from Li-Cor.
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