Propylene glycol

Drug powder (purity >98.0 wt %) was kindly supplied by Chong Kun Dang Pharm (Seoul, Korea). Kolliphor RH40, kollidon VA64, and PVP K17 were kindly provided by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Corn oil-mono-di-triglycerides (Maisine 35-1) was obtained from Gattefosse (Saint Priest, France). Low-substituted HPC was obtained from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Ethanol and propylene glycol were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Seoul, Korea). Acetonitrile and mEthanol were acquired from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). All other chemicals were of reagent and/or analytical grade and were used without further purification.

ITZ, cetyl alcohol, and cetostearyl alcohol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Labrafac^® CC (caprylic/capric triglyceride) and glyceryl monostearate were obtained from Gattefosse (Lyon, France). Tween^® 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), Tween^® 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate), Span^® 60 (sorbitan monostearate), Span^® 80 (sorbitan monooleate), stearic acid, paraffin oil, mineral oil, and propylene glycol were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate was procured from Goldschmidt (Essen, Germany). Acetonitrile and methanol of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade were purchased from J.T. Baker Chemical Company (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Distilled and deionized water was used to prepare all the solutions.