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537 protocols using sodium chloride (nacl)

1

Analytical Quantification of Barbiturates

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Stock standard solutions (0.0998-0.1006 mg/mL) of phenobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital and secobarbital were obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Germany). Structures shown in Fig. 1.
Methanol, acetonitrile, hexane and ethyl acetate were of chromatographic purity, and purchased from either Thermo Scientific (USA) or Merck (Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Milli-Q system from Millipore (USA). The glacial acetic acid and sodium chloride (analytical grade) were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Co. (China).
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2

Characterization of Huangjiu - a Traditional Chinese Liquor

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All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade: Anhydrous sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, lactic acid, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corp. (Shanghai, China). 2-Octanol [internal standard (IS)], methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and all other reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). Pure water (>18.18 MΩ cm, 25°C) was obtained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
Young samples of Huangjiu from the same production year were obtained from Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Huangjiu Co., Ltd. (Shaoxing, China). The characteristics of each sample were as follows: Total sugars (glucose), 3.92 g/L; alcohol, 17.2 % (v/v); total acids (lactic acid), 5.86 g/L; sugar solids, 20.90 g/L; dissolved oxygen [O2] before the oxygen treatment, 1.8–2.5 mg/L (OX-Y dissolved oxygen sensor, Shanghai Chunye Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., China); and pH 3.5–4.0.
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3

Membrane Fabrication and Characterization

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The PSF UF substrate, with a Molecular Weight Cut-Off (MWCO) of 30 000 Da, were provided by Pureach Tech Ltd (Beijing, China). PEI (MW: 70 000 Da, 50 wt%), PIP (99.0%), TMC (98.0%), and CC (99.0%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd., China. n-Hexane and all inorganic electrolytes with AR grade, including MgCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, and Na2SO4, were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Sinopharm), China. Milli-Q water was used for the preparations and the tests for rejection performances. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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4

HPLC Method Development and Validation

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Chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck & Co., Inc. (Kennborough, NJ, USA) Chromatographic grade formic acid and ammonium acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Saint Louis, MO, USA) Analytical-grade solvents, including Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, NaCl and NaOH were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation (Sinopharm, Shenzhen, China). All other reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
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5

Characterization of Royal Jelly Fatty Acids

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RJSR with more than 70% 10-HDA was supplied by Zhejiang Jiangshan Health Bee Enterprise Co. Ltd. (Jiangshan, China). GE, AG, and the standard chemicals (10-HDA and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) for High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Enzymes (pepsin, pancreatin, and transglutaminase) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HPLC-grade methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate and analytically pure hydrochloric acid, NaOH, acetic acid, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 , and anhydrous sodium sulfate were purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).
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6

Extraction and Characterization of Tuna Skin

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Tuna skin was supplied from Ningbo Today Food Co. Ltd. (Zhejiang, China). Glacial acetic acid, pepsin, sodium chloride, chitosan, glycerol, sodium bromide and LB medium were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Escherichia coli CICC 20658, Bacillus subtilis CICC 10732, Staphylococcus aureus CICC 10,201 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19,111 were ordered from China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (Beijing, China). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Sigma Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). All reagents were of analytical grade.
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7

Chromatographic Analysis of n-Alkanes

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The hexane was acquired from Fisher Scientific (FL, NJ, USA). Calcium chloride dihydrate, sodium chloride, pyridine and EDTA were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Chromatographic-grade acetonitrile, acetic acid and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). N-alkanes (C8-C20) and all standards were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Salbutamol

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Ethyleneglycol, anhydrous ethanol, sodium acetate anhydrous, iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), concentrated ammonium aqueous solution (25 wt%), sodium citrate, silver nitrate, sodium nitrite, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, acetonitrile, potassium chloride and sodium chloride were purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Salbutamol (SAL), sulfanilic acid, 2,2′-benzidinedisulfonic acid, clenbuterol hydrochloride, l-lysine monohydrate, aminoacetic acid, glycerol and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) contained NaCl (100 mM) and 10 mM Na2HPO4/KH2PO4, were bought from Aladdin Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water (Millipore) with a resistivity of 18 MΩ cm was used in all experiments.
2.39 mg SAL was dissolved in 10 mL methanol (1.0 × 10−3 M) and kept in the dark at 4 °C as stock solution. Then its standard solution was obtained by diluting the stock solution to the desired concentration with distilled water.
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9

Electrochemical Sensing of Gallic Acid

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High molecular weight poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and gallic acid (GA) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium permanganate, tartaric acid, sodium tartrate, sodium chloride, lithium acetate and ethanol were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). A stock solution of 0.1 M for gallic acid was prepared with the model wine solution (12% vol ethanol, 4 g/L tartaric acid, pH 3.6). A 0.1 M Potassium permanganate was prepared daily and stored in the dark. Other aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving the appropriate salts in the freshly de-ionized water (18.2 MΩ cm specific resistance) obtained with a Pall Cascada laboratory water system.
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10

Antibacterial Activity of N-Succinyl Chitosan

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PVA (Mv = 1750, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) , N-succinyl chitosan (Mv = 1.5 × 10 5 , Zhejiang Golden-Shell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, China), Lincomycin hydrochloride (Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd,Shanghai, China), HaCaT cell (Hunan Fenghui Biological Technology Co. LTD, Hunan, China), Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coil) (School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China) are used in this work. All other chemicals (Fishbone protein powder, sodium chloride, beef extract, sodium hydroxide, phosphate buffer solutions, fetal bovine serum, penicillin-streptomycin, glutamine and dimethylsulfoxide) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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