Chloroform

Methanol and formic acid HPLC grade were purchased from VWR (Milano, Italy). HPLC grade water (18 mΩ) was prepared by a Mill-Ω purification system (Millipore Co., Bedford, MA, USA). n-Hexane and n-butanol were achieved from VWR. Chloroform, glacial acetic acid and Methanol were purchased from Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy). The reagents as sodium acetate trihydrate, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), iron (III) chloride (FeCl₃∙6H₂O), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, carbonate sodium, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, β-carotene, linoleic acid, Tween 20, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT), l-ascorbic acid, potassium persulfate, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), α-glucosidase, acarbose, potassium phosphate buffer solution, 4-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich S.p.a. (Milano, Italy). Phenols reference standards were obtained in our laboratories by previous isolation from plant materials and characterization by 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

Unmodified wheat starch and glycerol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (France). Wheat starch contains 26% amylose (Mw ≈ 1,5.10⁶ g.mol⁻¹) [31 ] and 74% amylopectin. Mw of amylopectin was estimated to be around 1.10⁹ g.mol⁻¹ [32 (link)].
For the synthesis of fatty acid starch ester (FASE), all reagents were stored at room temperature and used without further purification: pyridine (99%, Acros, Paris, France); lauroyl chloride (LCl, 98%, Aldrich, Paris, France) chloroform (≥99%, Carlo Erba, Paris, France); methanol (≥99%, Carlo Erba, Paris, France). Deuterated chloroform used for NMR analyses was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and stored at 4 °C.