Dextran sulfate sodium salt

Fe₃O₄ NPs, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA), methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Chl.), dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), IL-1β, and rhodamine B (RB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Tokyo, Japan). Caco-2 cell was purchased from the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). The four- to six-week old C57/B6 mice were purchased from the experimental animal center of Nanjing University (Nanjing, China). All other chemicals were analytical grade reagents and were used as received without further purification.

Calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW > 70,000), poly-L-arginine hydrochloride (MW > 70,000), Rhodamine B isothiocyanate, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.01 M), bovine serum albumin, trypsin from porcine pancreas (∼1500 U/mg), and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (≥9.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Hydrochloric acid was obtained from Reakhim (Moscow, Russia); dimethyl sulfoxide was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); cyanine 7 NHS ester (Cy7) was obtained from Lumiprobe (Moscow, Russia). All chemicals were used without further purification. Deionized water produced with a water treatment system Milli-Q (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) was used in all experimental stages. ELISA Kit For Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibody (Anti-TNFa) AEA133Hu from Cloud-Clone Corp. (Katy, TX, USA), 9K MWCO concentrators Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).

Calcium chloride (CaCl₂), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), ethylene glycol (EG), poly-L-arginine (PA), dextran sulfate sodium salt (DS), sodium chloride (NaCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃), iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂), potassium ferricyanide, hydrochloric acid (HCl) 37%, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) and nuclear fast red (NFR) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Nitric acid (HNO₃) 70 % for trace metal analysis was purchased from Thermo Scientific^TM (USA). Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium (RPMI-1640), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, trypsin/EDTA and penicillin-streptomycin mixture were purchased from Lonza (Belgium). Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Gibco (USA). Bradford Protein Assay was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (USA). Milli-Q water was used in all experiments (Milli-Q Purification System, Millipore, Merck, USA).

The anti-FLAG antibody (F1804) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Antibodies to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (#2118), α-Tublin (#3873), GFP (#2555), cyclin T1 (#8744) and CDK9 (#2316) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The anti-Lamin B antibody (SC-374015) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. All horseradish peroxidase labeled secondary antibodies were obtained from Thermo Scientific.
The compounds isolated from Chinese traditional herbs for the anti-HIV-1 drug screen were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China. The purity of the compound was ≥ 98%, as was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The compound samples were solved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 50 mM. The following reference compounds were obtained through the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: zidovudine (catalog no. 3485), integrase inhibitor 118-D-24 (catalog no. 9957) and (−) flavopiridol (catalog no. 9925). Dextran sulfate sodium salt (average molecule weight of 5,000 Da), PDTC, MG132 and CHX were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

All chemicals employed in this work were used as purchased, without further treatments and/or purification. Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone-co-glycolide) (PLCG, L-lactide 70%, average MW ~50,000), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 98% hydrolyzed, and dextran sulfate sodium salt (from Leuconostoc sp. DEX), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), doxorubicin (DOXO), 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and paraformaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone was obtained from J.T. Baker.
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased by Gibco. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast carcinoma cells were obtained from ATCC.