Kieselgel pf254

Column chromatography (CC) was carried out using silica gel Merck Kieselgel PF254 Art. No. 1.07734.1000 and silica gel Merck Kieselgel PF254 Art. No. 9385.1000. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using Merck DC-Plasticfolie TLC plastic sheet pre-coated with Kiecelgel 60 PF (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ). Acarbose, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform (CHCl₃), methanol (MeOH), and deuterated solvents (chloroform and acetone) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). α-Amylase was purchased from Megazyme (Co. Wicklow, Ireland). DPP-4 inhibitory screening kit was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI).

Column chromatography was carried out using Merck Kieselgel PF254 silica gel, Art. No. 1.07734.1000. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was done using Merck DC-Plasticfolie TLC plastic sheet pre-coated with Kieselgel 60 PF (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethylsulfoxide, hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, water, acetonitrile, formic acid, acarbose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). All solvents used for LC-MS/MS analysis were HPLC grade; others were analytical grade. The DPP-4 inhibitory screening kit was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). α-Amylase was purchased from Megazyme (County Wicklow, Ireland).

Column chromatography (CC) was carried out using silica gels Merck Kieselgel PF254 Art. No. 1.007749.1000, 60 Art. No. 9385.1000 and No. 1.07734.1000. Deuterated solvent (chloroform, methanol, and acetone) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using commercially available Merck DC-Plasticfolien TLC plastic sheet pre-coated with Kieselgel 60 PF₂₅₄ (0.2 mm thickness). Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. The bacteria strains used were ATCC 29212 Enterococcus faecalis (USA) and KCCM3309 Streptococcus mutans (Daejeon, South Korea). α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) acted as positive controls. Reagents used for the ORAC assay, 2,2’-Azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), fluorescein, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra-methylchroman-2carboxylic acid (Trolox) were prepared in 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).