4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) and α-glucosidase were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Organic solvents and the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Arecoline hydrobromide, rutin trihydrate, and gallic acid were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Choline chloride (98%), betaine (98%), L-proline (99%), glucose (99%), lactic acid (88%), xylitol (99%), malic acid (98%), urea (99%), citric acid (99.5%), glycerol (99%), 1,4-butanediol (98%), ethylene glycol (99.5%), and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All these reagents were of analytical grade.
Organic solvents
Manufactured by Sinopharm
Sourced in China
Organic solvents are a class of chemical compounds used to dissolve, extract, or suspend organic materials. They are commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Organic solvents possess the ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making them essential tools for processes such as cleaning, extraction, and synthesis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Urea, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Betaine, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Xylitol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Glucose, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Malic acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Lactic acid, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
4 nitrophenyl α d glucopyranoside pnp g, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
1 4 butanediol, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
L proline, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Choline chloride, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
α glucosidase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bstfa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Drx 400 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Uv 2450, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
F 7000, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
8 protocols using organic solvents
1
Enzyme-catalyzed Glucopyranoside Assay
2
Estrogen Analysis via GC-MS Derivatization
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E2 and E1 (purity > 98%) were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan. The internal standard E2-d4 (purity > 98%) and derivatization reagent Bstfa (1%TMCS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Stock solutions of E2 (0.2 mg/L), E1 (0.2 mg/L) and E2-d4 (0.1 mg/L) were prepared in methanol and stored at 4 °C. The organic solvents (guaranteed reagent grade) as well as other chemical reagents (analytical reagent grade) were purchased from Sinopharm, China. Ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm) was produced by MilliQ system from Millipore, USA. ZVI powder (purity > 98%, powder size 10–40 μm) was purchased from Fuchen Chemical Reagents Factory, China.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Probe
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Zinc powder and titanium tetrachloride
were bought from the commercial suppliers of J&K Chemical Co.
Ltd. 4-Nitrophenyl phenyl ketone was purchased from Energy Chemical.
Organic solvents were of analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm
Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). All of the Organic solvents
were dried over 4 Å molecular sieves before use. Thin-layer chromatography
was carried out using silica gel 60 F254 (Qingdao Ocean Chemicals,
Qingdao, China). Silica gel (200–300 mesh) was used as the
solid phases for column chromatography, and it was also purchased
from Qingdao Ocean Chemicals (Qingdao, China). HeLa cells (cervical
cancer cell lines) were obtained from the cell bank of Central Laboratory
at Xiangya Hospital (Changsha, China). Ultrapure water with an electric
resistance larger than 18.3 MΩ was obtained through a Millipore
Milli-Q water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA).1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-400
spectrometer. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS)
was determined using Finnigan LCQ Advantage MAX (Thermo Finnigan).
Fluorescence spectra were recorded at room temperature on F-7000 (Hitachi,
Japan). Ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured on Shimadzu UV2450
(Japan). Confocal images of HeLa cells were obtained using an inverted
fluorescence microscope (OLYMPUSFV-1000 MPE).
were bought from the commercial suppliers of J&K Chemical Co.
Ltd. 4-Nitrophenyl phenyl ketone was purchased from Energy Chemical.
Organic solvents were of analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm
Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). All of the Organic solvents
were dried over 4 Å molecular sieves before use. Thin-layer chromatography
was carried out using silica gel 60 F254 (Qingdao Ocean Chemicals,
Qingdao, China). Silica gel (200–300 mesh) was used as the
solid phases for column chromatography, and it was also purchased
from Qingdao Ocean Chemicals (Qingdao, China). HeLa cells (cervical
cancer cell lines) were obtained from the cell bank of Central Laboratory
at Xiangya Hospital (Changsha, China). Ultrapure water with an electric
resistance larger than 18.3 MΩ was obtained through a Millipore
Milli-Q water purification system (Billerica, MA, USA).1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-400
spectrometer. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS)
was determined using Finnigan LCQ Advantage MAX (Thermo Finnigan).
Fluorescence spectra were recorded at room temperature on F-7000 (Hitachi,
Japan). Ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured on Shimadzu UV2450
(Japan). Confocal images of HeLa cells were obtained using an inverted
fluorescence microscope (OLYMPUSFV-1000 MPE).
4
Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Bioactive Compounds
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Standard compounds: crocin-1, crocin-2, 5-chlorogenic acid, geniposide were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Ccontrol. The organic solvents and n-hexane used for extraction were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-pic-rylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulfate, sodium sulfate, Folin–Ciocalteu's phenol reagent (2 N) were purchased from Hefei Bomei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China). Milli-Q water (obtained through a Millipore filter system, Millipore Co., USA) was used throughout, and acetonitrile for HPLC was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
5
Extraction and Purification of ARG from A. lappa
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ARG was extracted and purified from the traditional medicine the seeds of A. lappa based on our previous study [25 (link)]. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) tetrahydrate were purchased from Energy Chemistry Industry Co., Ltd. (China). Other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Organic solvents were purchased from Sinopharm chemical reagent Co., Ltd and purified by distillation and moisture was excluded from the glass apparatus using CaCl2 drying tubes. Goldfish (8.86 ± 1.82 g) were purchased from a local fish farm in Xi'an, China and kept in indoor aerated tanks with circulating water. Goldfish-G. kobayashii model was established following the method as previously described [24 (link), 29 (link)]. All goldfish were maintained in conformity with the General Recommendation of Chinese Experimental Animals Administration Legislation.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Multilayer Graphene Oxide
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Organic solvents and anhydrous sodium carbonate were purchased from Sinopharm Co. Ltd. The solvents used in this work were purified, dried, and distilled in dry nitrogen. 9,9-dioctyl-2,7-dibromofluorene and 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol)ester were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used with no further purification. GO was prepared by the Hummers method from graphite powder, and dried for a week under vacuum.24 (link) The TEM of GO is shown in Fig. 1(a) ; it is established from the image that the GO is multilayer.
7
Organic Reagent Sourcing Protocol
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All chemical reagents were obtained from commercial sources Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA), Energy-Chemical (Shanghai, China), J&K (Shanghai, China) and TCI (Tokyo, Japan) and used as received. Organic solvents were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)
8
Spectroscopic Analysis of Compounds
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The optical rotation was measured in MeOH by an Autopol IV polarimeter (Rudolph Research Analytical, Hackettstown, NJ, United States). UV spectra were obtained by a UH5300 UV–VIS double beam spectrophotometer (Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan). 1D and 2D NMR spectra were obtained by a Bruker AVANCE IIITM 500 and 600 MHz spectrometers (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) in methanol-d4, DMSO-d6 using TMS as internal standard. HR-ESI-MS data was obtained on a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS System (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States). An Ultimate 3000 HPLC system (Dionex Co., Sunnyvale, CA, United States) with an UltiMate 3000 pump and UltiMate 3000 variable wavelength detector was employed to carry out semi-preparative HPLC, with a Nacalai Tesque 5C18-MS-II column (250 × 10 mm, 5 μm). Silica gel (200–300 mesh and 300–400 mesh) for open column chromatography (CC) was purchased from Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Group Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). The organic solvents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Reagents used for α-glucosidase inhibitory assay (α-glucosidase, 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, and acarbose) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), and the absorbance was measured by a full-wavelength microplate reader (Thermo Fisher Scientific Shier Technology Co., Ltd.).
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