(2S,3S)-Desethylreboxetine was purchased from ABX (Radeberg, Germany). Methanol was HPLC grade from Merck. Noradrenaline, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine, and isoproterenol were purchased from Merck, citric acid monohydrate and sodium acetate from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Japan), and sodium octane sulfonate from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further pretreatment. Stock solutions of Noradrenaline, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine and isoproterenol were prepared separately at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in 0.2 M perchloric acid at -80 °C.
Citric acid monohydrate
Manufactured by Kanto Chemical
Sourced in Japan
Citric acid monohydrate is a chemical compound with the formula C6H8O7·H2O. It is a white crystalline solid that is the most widely used organic acid. Citric acid monohydrate is commonly used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ethylene glycol, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Noradrenaline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoproterenol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Dojindo Laboratories (1 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Ba no3 2, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Zro no3 2 2h2o, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
4 protocols using citric acid monohydrate
1
HPLC Analysis of Catecholamines
2
Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts
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Metal oxide catalysts were prepared by a citric acid complex polymerization method, with a yield per synthesis of 3 g. First, citric acid monohydrate and ethylene glycol (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were dissolved into distilled water using 300 mL PTFE beaker. Then, metal nitrates (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) were added to the solution. The molar ratio of total metals: citric acid monohydrate: ethylene glycol was 1 : 3 : 3. In the case of YCrO3, Y(NO3)3·6H2O of 6.0833 g, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O of 6.4846 g, citric acid monohydrate of 20.3608 g and ethylene glycol of 5.9443 g were used. The obtained solution was stirred in a water bath at ca. 343 K for 16 h and then dried with a hot stirrer to form a powder. The obtained powder was pre-calcined at 673 K for 2 h and calcined at 1123 K for 10 h in static air using an electric muffle furnace (KDF-300Plus, DENKEN-HIGHDENTAL Co., Ltd.). The purity of each chemical used is shown in Table S1 (ESI)† .
3
Ruthenium Catalysts on Sr-Ba-ZrO3 Supports
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For an experimental confirmation, we prepared catalysts by loading 5 wt% ruthenium (Ru) on Sr1−xBaxZrO3 (x = 0.000, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.250, 0.375, 0.500) supports. Each Sr1−xBaxZrO3 powder was prepared with a complex polymerization method using excessive ethylene glycol, citric acid monohydrate (Kanto Chemical Co. Inc.), and stoichiometric metal precursors Sr(NO3)2, Ba(NO3)2, and ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O (Kanto Chemical Co. Inc.). The obtained polyester resins were calcined twice, at 873 K for 5 h to pyrolyze the rigid polyester network, and at 1373 K for 10 h to decompose the residual carbons completely and to obtain pure oxides in an air atmosphere. Next, Ru was loaded using an impregnation method. As a metal precursor, tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium(iii ) (Ru(acac)3, Tanaka Holdings Co., Ltd.) was used. After Ru(acac)3 and Sr1−xBaxZrO3 powders were added to acetone solvents, the slurries were stirred for 2 h. Subsequently, the organic solvents were evaporated at 373 K and dried at 393 K. The obtained powders were reduced at 723 K for 2 h in the stream of H2/Ar = 1/1 (total 100 SCCM) to remove ligands of the Ru(acac)3. For catalytic activity tests, after the prepared samples were pressed into pellets, they were crushed and sieved to obtain grains of 355–500 μm diameter.
4
Synthesis of Ceria-based Catalysts
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Using a complex polymerization method, CeO 2 and Ce 0.9 M 0.1 O 2Àd (M: Sr, Al, Y, and Zr) were synthesized. First, citric acid monohydrate (Kanto Chemical Co. Inc.) and ethylene glycol (Kanto Chemical Co. Inc.) were dissolved in distilled water. Then, stoichiometric amounts of precursors (Kanto Chemical Co. Inc.) were added. The precursors are presented in Table S2 (ESI †). The mixture was stirred at 343 K overnight. Subsequently, the obtained solution was dried and crushed. Finally, the obtained powder was calcined at 773 K for 5 h with a ramping rate of 5 K min À1 . 5 wt% of Fe was loaded over synthesized CeO 2 -based materials using a liquid-phase reduction method as reported elsewhere. 45 First, Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Á9H 2 O (Kanto Chemical Co. Inc.) was poured into distilled water. The support was dispersed in the obtained Fe aqueous solution by stirring for 1 h. Subsequently, the solution was heated at 393 K for 1 h under Ar flow. Then, 10% N 2 H 4 solution (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corp.) was added dropwise. The slurry was stirred at 393 K for 1 h under Ar flow. The slurry was filtered. The obtained cake was dried at 393 K overnight.
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